Abstract
Landraces of different crops are still preferred due to their stable yields under low inputs and adverse climatic conditions to which most modern varieties are not adapted. In the UK, a landrace of barley called Bere is currently grown in extreme climatic conditions of Orkney to which most of the modern varieties are not adapted. Although this landrace is probably the oldest barley under cultivation in the UK, very little research has been conducted. In this paper the effects of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, plant growth regulator and artificial lodging on grain yield and quality of Bere were investigated in the Orkney’s short growing season. Higher nitrogen application resulted in a higher lodging incidence but grain yield was not reduced by the severity of lodging. The artificial lodging applied at Zadoks growth stage 77 resulted in the greatest yield losses which indicated that control measures may be required to avoid lodging at this critical growth stage. Phosphorous and potassium had no significant effect on lodging resistance. Whilst plant growth regulator improved lodging resistance it was less effective in controlling lodging at the highest nitrogen level (90 kg ha-1). The trials indicated that higher level of N caused marginal increase in grain yield when nitrogen level was raised from 45 kg to 90 kg ha-1. This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere. Plant growth regulator increased lodging resistance but had an inconsistent effect on grain yield. This study recommended the use of plant growth regulator as a means of easing harvesting rather than for enhancing yield and quality. The study concluded that phosphorous and potassium could be used to improve disease resistance and grain yield but not for lodging control.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen application increased lodging incidence.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- Beree1
- Treatment
- Higher nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- lodging incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Higher nitrogen application resulted in a higher lodging incidence”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
More severe lodging did not reduce grain yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Qualifier
- severity of lodginge0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was not reduced by the severity of lodging.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial lodging at growth stage 77 caused the greatest yield losses.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Organ / stage
- Zadoks growth stage 77e0
- Treatment
- artificial lodging applied at Zadoks growth stage 77e0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The artificial lodging applied at Zadoks growth stage 77 resulted in the greatest yield losses”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorous and potassium had no significant effect on lodging resistance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Treatment
- Phosphorous and potassiume0
- Outcome
- lodging resistancee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorous and potassium had no significant effect on lodging resistance.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulator improved lodging resistance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Treatment
- plant growth regulatore0
- Outcome
- lodging resistancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth regulator improved lodging resistance”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulator controlled lodging less effectively at the highest nitrogen level.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Treatment
- plant growth regulatore2
- Outcome
- controlling lodginge0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Qualifier
- highest nitrogen level (90 kg ha-1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was less effective in controlling lodging at the highest nitrogen level (90 kg ha-1).”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
e2“plant growth regulator improved lodging resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen from 45 to 90 kg ha-1 marginally increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Treatment
- nitrogen level was raised from 45 kg to 90 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- marginal increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher level of N caused marginal increase in grain yield when nitrogen level was raised from 45 kg to 90 kg ha-1.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested medium nitrogen at 45 kg N ha-1 for producing Bere.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree0
- Outcome
- use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1)e0
- Value
- 45 kg N ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
t0“landrace of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulator had an inconsistent effect on grain yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Treatment
- Plant growth regulatore0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth regulator increased lodging resistance but had an inconsistent effect on grain yield.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended plant growth regulator to ease harvesting rather than enhance yield and quality.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Outcome
- use of plant growth regulator as a means of easing harvesting rather than for enhancing yield and qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study recommended the use of plant growth regulator as a means of easing harvesting rather than for enhancing yield and quality.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that phosphorous and potassium could improve disease resistance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Outcome
- improve disease resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study concluded that phosphorous and potassium could be used to improve disease resistance and grain yield but not for lodging control.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that phosphorous and potassium could improve grain yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study concluded that phosphorous and potassium could be used to improve disease resistance and grain yield but not for lodging control.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advised against using phosphorous and potassium for lodging control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Beree1
- Outcome
- not for lodging controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study concluded that phosphorous and potassium could be used to improve disease resistance and grain yield but not for lodging control.”
t0“landrace of barley”
e1“This tended to suggest the use of medium N-level (45 kg N ha-1) for producing Bere.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.