Abstract
The escalating evolution of weed species resistant to acetolactase synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides makes alternative weed control strategies necessary for field crops that are dependent on this herbicide group. A fully integrated strategy that combined increased crop seeding rates (2X or 4X recommended), mechanical weed control with a minimum-tillage rotary hoe, and reduced-rate non–ALS inhibitor herbicides was compared with herbicides, rotary hoe, and seeding rates alone as a method of controlling ALS inhibitor–tolerant Indian mustard as a model weed. The full-rate herbicide treatment had the lowest weed biomass (98% reduction) and the highest yield of all treatments in 3 of 4 site-years, regardless of seeding rate. The fully integrated treatment at the 4X seeding rate had weed suppression rates equal to the full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding rate. The fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at the 4X seeding rate reduced weed biomass by 89% and 83%, respectively, compared with the control at the recommended seeding rate. The rotary hoe treatment alone resulted in poor weed control (≤38%), even at the highest seeding rate. Fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at 2X and 4X seeding rates had yields equal to those of the full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding rate. Partially or fully integrated weed control strategies that combine increased crop seeding rates and reduced-rate non–ALS inhibitor herbicides, with or without the use of a rotary hoe, can control weeds resistant to ALS-inhibitor herbicides, while maintaining crop yields similar to those achieved with full-rate herbicides. However, combining increased seeding rate, reduced-rate herbicides, and mechanical rotary hoe treatment into a fully integrated strategy maximized weed control, while reducing reliance on and selection pressure against any single weed control tactic.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Full-rate herbicide had the lowest weed biomass, with a 98% reduction.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)
Lens culinarist0 - Treatment
- full-rate herbicide treatmente0
- Interactor
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceae1weed - Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 98%e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The full-rate herbicide treatment had the lowest weed biomass (98% reduction) and the highest yield of all treatments in 3 of 4 site-years, regardless of seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
e1“Indian mustard as a model weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-rate herbicide gave the highest yield in three of four site-years.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- full-rate herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3 of 4 site-yearse0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The full-rate herbicide treatment had the lowest weed biomass (98% reduction) and the highest yield of all treatments in 3 of 4 site-years, regardless of seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully integrated weed management at fourfold seeding matched full herbicide weed suppression.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- fully integrated treatment at the 4X seeding ratee0
- Interactor
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae1weed
- Outcome
- weed suppression ratese0
- Direction
- equale0
- Comparator
- full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fully integrated treatment at the 4X seeding rate had weed suppression rates equal to the full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
e1“Indian mustard as a model weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully integrated treatment at fourfold seeding reduced weed biomass by 89%.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- fully integratede0
- Interactor
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 89%e0
- Qualifier
- 4X seeding ratee0
- Comparator
- control at the recommended seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at the 4X seeding rate reduced weed biomass by 89% and 83%, respectively, compared with the control at the recommended seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
e1“Indian mustard as a model weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate herbicide at fourfold seeding reduced weed biomass by 83%.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- reduced-rate herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83%e0
- Qualifier
- 4X seeding ratee0
- Comparator
- control at the recommended seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at the 4X seeding rate reduced weed biomass by 89% and 83%, respectively, compared with the control at the recommended seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
e1“Indian mustard as a model weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary hoe alone achieved at most 38% weed control.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- rotary hoe treatment alonee0
- Interactor
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae1weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- poore0
- Value
- ≤38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rotary hoe treatment alone resulted in poor weed control (≤38%), even at the highest seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
e1“Indian mustard as a model weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully integrated treatment at twofold seeding gave yield equal to full herbicide at recommended seeding.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Fully integratede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- 2Xe0
- Comparator
- full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at 2X and 4X seeding rates had yields equal to those of the full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully integrated treatment at fourfold seeding gave yield equal to full herbicide at recommended seeding.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- Fully integratede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- 4Xe0
- Comparator
- full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at 2X and 4X seeding rates had yields equal to those of the full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate herbicide at twofold seeding gave yield equal to full herbicide at recommended seeding.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- reduced-rate herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- 2Xe0
- Comparator
- full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at 2X and 4X seeding rates had yields equal to those of the full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate herbicide at fourfold seeding gave yield equal to full herbicide at recommended seeding.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- reduced-rate herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- 4Xe0
- Comparator
- full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fully integrated and reduced-rate herbicide treatments at 2X and 4X seeding rates had yields equal to those of the full herbicide treatment at the recommended seeding rate.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend combining higher seeding rates and reduced-rate herbicides for resistant-weed control while maintaining yield.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- increased crop seeding rates and reduced-rate non–ALS inhibitor herbicidese0
- Outcome
- control weeds resistant to ALS-inhibitor herbicides, while maintaining crop yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Partially or fully integrated weed control strategies that combine increased crop seeding rates and reduced-rate non–ALS inhibitor herbicides, with or without the use of a rotary hoe, can control weeds resistant to ALS-inhibitor herbicides, while maintaining crop yields similar to those achieved with full-rate herbicides.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude that the fully integrated combination maximizes weed control and reduces reliance on any single tactic.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris)Lens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combining increased seeding rate, reduced-rate herbicides, and mechanical rotary hoe treatmente0
- Outcome
- maximized weed control, while reducing reliance on and selection pressure against any single weed control tactice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining increased seeding rate, reduced-rate herbicides, and mechanical rotary hoe treatment into a fully integrated strategy maximized weed control, while reducing reliance on and selection pressure against any single weed control tactic.”
t0“Lentil (Lens culinaris)”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Results differ
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.