Abstract
Vegetable injury and yield loss has occurred when applying halosulfuron to low-density polyethylene mulch (LDPE) prior to transplanting. Research determined vegetable crop response to halosulfuron applied over LDPE mulch from 1 to 28 d prior to transplanting using (1) temperature effects in aqueous solution in laboratory experiments, (2) analytical evaluation of degradation from LDPE under field conditions, and (3) a field bioassay. Halosulfuron stability was evaluated on a thermal gradient table for temperatures at 10 to 42 C for 15 d. Half-life was inversely related to temperatures ranging from 38.5 d at 20 C to 3.2 d at 42 C, with little to no degradation at temperatures of 11 and 15 C. Analytical data indicated that the field half-life of halosulfuron at 26 or 52 g ha −1 applied to LDPE mulch under dry conditions was 2.6 and 2.8 d, respectively. Given the changes in the microclimate effects at the mulch surface by absorption of solar radiation, daily thermal energy quantified halosulfuron degradation (at the same rates) to be 51 and 55 MJ m −2 , respectively. At 21 d after treatment (DAT), 90% of halosulfuron had dissipated from the mulch, with none detectable 35 DAT under dry conditions. When watermelon or yellow crookneck squash was transplanted into mulch previously treated with halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 , plant growth and development were equal to nontreated controls as long as there was a 14 d prior to transplant (DPT) interval accompanied by 13.5 cm of rain, or a 17 DPT interval accompanied by 6.2 cm of rain. However, at 79 g ha −1 applied at 9 or 1 DPT in 2013, and 1 DPT in 2014, halosulfuron injured yellow squash and reduced yield and fruit number. Halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 applied 1 DPT significantly reduced watermelon yield in 2013, which was confirmed by vine length and plant biomass reductions in 2014. Halosulfuron POST controls Cyperus spp. in mulch vegetable production, but time and rainfall are required for dissipation to occur in order to prevent injury and yield loss.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron half-life fell as temperature increased.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Half-life was inversely related to temperatures ranging from 38.5 d at 20 C to 3.2 d at 42 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Field half-life on dry mulch was 2.6 days at 26 g ha −1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“field half-life of halosulfuron at 26 or 52 g ha −1 applied to LDPE mulch under dry conditions was 2.6 and 2.8 d, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Field half-life on dry mulch was 2.8 days at 52 g ha −1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“field half-life of halosulfuron at 26 or 52 g ha −1 applied to LDPE mulch under dry conditions was 2.6 and 2.8 d, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ninety percent of halosulfuron dissipated by 21 days.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“At 21 d after treatment (DAT), 90% of halosulfuron had dissipated from the mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
No halosulfuron was detected at 35 days under dry conditions.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“none detectable 35 DAT under dry conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon growth matched controls after 14 days and 13.5 cm rain.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- plant growth and developmente0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- 14 d prior to transplant (DPT) interval accompanied by 13.5 cm of raine0
- Comparator
- nontreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“watermelon or yellow crookneck squash was transplanted into mulch previously treated with halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 , plant growth and development were equal to nontreated controls as long as there was a 14 d prior to transplant (DPT) interval accompanied by 13.5 cm of rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow crookneck squash growth matched controls after 14 days and 13.5 cm rain.
Verbatim
e0“watermelon or yellow crookneck squash was transplanted into mulch previously treated with halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 , plant growth and development were equal to nontreated controls as long as there was a 14 d prior to transplant (DPT) interval accompanied by 13.5 cm of rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron applied shortly before transplanting injured yellow squash and reduced yield and fruit number.
- Taxon
- yellow squashe0
- Treatment
- halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- yield and fruit numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 9 or 1 DPT in 2013, and 1 DPT in 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“at 79 g ha −1 applied at 9 or 1 DPT in 2013, and 1 DPT in 2014, halosulfuron injured yellow squash and reduced yield and fruit number”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron applied one day before transplanting reduced watermelon yield in 2013.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 applied 1 DPTe0
- Outcome
- watermelon yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 applied 1 DPT significantly reduced watermelon yield in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment reduced watermelon vine length and biomass in 2014.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 applied 1 DPTe0
- Outcome
- vine length and plant biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Halosulfuron at 79 g ha −1 applied 1 DPT significantly reduced watermelon yield in 2013, which was confirmed by vine length and plant biomass reductions in 2014”
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transplanting · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.