Abstract
Tomato is an important vegetable crop having high nutritional value. Different agronomical practices have been used to increase its quality. Hence, field experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of five weed control methods (Pendimethalin at 4 lha-1, Pendimethalin at 4 lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WAT, two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAT, weed free and weedy check) on the biological productivity and nutritional compositions of two varieties of tomato (Roma V.F. and Tropimech). The weed control methods were arranged following randomized complete block (RCB) design in split-plot arrangement. The results showed that out of the fourteen weed species encountered six weed species: Euphorbia heterophylla, Tridax procumbens, Phyllantus amarus, Tithonia diversifolia, Gomphrena celosioides and Ageratum conyzoides were found to be preponderant. Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WAT and two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAT showed better weed reduction (53-68%), when compared to sole application of Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 (32-41%). The weed free check was the most effective in controlling weeds (96-99%). Growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and above-ground dry weight, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate, the number of fruit per plant and harvest index were significantly enhanced in all the weed control methods compared to the weedy check. Higher values of the afore mentioned growth attributes were significantly higher under Pendimethalin at 4 lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WAT when compared to other weed control treatments. The biochemical constituents such as vitamin C, lycopene and β-carotene and all the proximate composition except fibre were significantly higher in sole Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 and Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WAT than other weed control methods. Growth and yield were higher in variety Roma V.F. than Tropimech, while biochemical constituents were found to be higher in Tropimech than Roma V.F. Pendimetalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WAT was found to be effective in weed suppression with positive influence on the biological productivity and nutritional compositions of the two studied varieties.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Six of fourteen encountered weed species were preponderant.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- six weed species: Euphorbia heterophylla, Tridax procumbens, Phyllantus amarus, Tithonia diversifolia, Gomphrena celosioides and Ageratum conyzoides were found to be preponderante0
- Value
- six weed speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“out of the fourteen weed species encountered six weed species: Euphorbia heterophylla, Tridax procumbens, Phyllantus amarus, Tithonia diversifolia, Gomphrena celosioides and Ageratum conyzoides were found to be preponderant”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding reduced weeds by 53–68% versus 32–41% for pendimethalin alone.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WATe0
- Outcome
- weed reductione0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 53-68%e0
- Qualifier
- 32-41%e0
- Comparator
- sole application of Pendimethalin at 4lha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WAT and two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAT showed better weed reduction (53-68%), when compared to sole application of Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 (32-41%)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings reduced weeds by 53–68% versus 32–41% for pendimethalin alone.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WATe0
- Outcome
- weed reductione0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 53-68%e0
- Qualifier
- 32-41%e0
- Comparator
- sole application of Pendimethalin at 4lha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WAT and two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAT showed better weed reduction (53-68%), when compared to sole application of Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 (32-41%)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed free treatment controlled 96–99% of weeds and was most effective.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- weed free checke0
- Outcome
- controlling weedse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 96-99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed free check was the most effective in controlling weeds (96-99%)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control methods significantly enhanced tomato height, leaf number and leaf area versus weedy check.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all the weed control methodse0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of leaves, leaf areae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and above-ground dry weight, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate, the number of fruit per plant and harvest index were significantly enhanced in all the weed control methods compared to the weedy check”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control methods significantly enhanced above ground dry weight, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all the weed control methodse0
- Outcome
- above-ground dry weight, relative growth rate and net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and above-ground dry weight, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate, the number of fruit per plant and harvest index were significantly enhanced in all the weed control methods compared to the weedy check”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control methods significantly enhanced fruit number and harvest index.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all the weed control methodse0
- Outcome
- number of fruit per plant and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of fruit per plant and harvest index were significantly enhanced in all the weed control methods compared to the weedy check”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding produced significantly higher growth attributes than other weed control treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin at 4 lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WATe0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of the afore mentioned growth attributes were significantly higher under Pendimethalin at 4 lha-1 + one hand weeding at 6 WAT when compared to other weed control treatments”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole pendimethalin produced higher vitamin C, lycopene and β-carotene than other weed control methods.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- sole Pendimethalin at 4lha-1e0
- Outcome
- vitamin C, lycopene and β-carotenee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other weed control methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biochemical constituents such as vitamin C, lycopene and β-carotene and all the proximate composition except fibre were significantly higher in sole Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 and Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WAT than other weed control methods”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding produced higher vitamin C, lycopene and β-carotene than other methods.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WATe0
- Outcome
- vitamin C, lycopene and β-carotenee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other weed control methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biochemical constituents such as vitamin C, lycopene and β-carotene and all the proximate composition except fibre were significantly higher in sole Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 and Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WAT than other weed control methods”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole pendimethalin produced higher proximate composition except fibre than other methods.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- sole Pendimethalin at 4lha-1e0
- Outcome
- proximate composition except fibree0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other weed control methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the proximate composition except fibre were significantly higher in sole Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 and Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WAT than other weed control methods”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding produced higher proximate composition except fibre than other methods.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WATe0
- Outcome
- proximate composition except fibree0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other weed control methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the proximate composition except fibre were significantly higher in sole Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 and Pendimethalin at 4lha-1 + one hand weeding 6 WAT than other weed control methods”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Roma V.F. had higher growth and yield than Tropimech.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Roma V.F.e0
- Outcome
- Growth and yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Tropimeche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth and yield were higher in variety Roma V.F. than Tropimech”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tropimech had higher biochemical constituents than Roma V.F.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Tropimeche0
- Outcome
- biochemical constituentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Roma V.F.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochemical constituents were found to be higher in Tropimech than Roma V.F.”
t0“Tomato”
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