Abstract
Poaceous weeds are prolific and competitive in winter crops, but they are more insidious in wheat due to their similar morphology and growing requirements. Herbicides are effective and efficient tools of weed management, however, they are vulnerable to resistance, and herbicides with different modes of action might check the dominance of a particular weed flora. The current study was undertaken to see the response of three poaceous weeds viz., Phalaris minor, Avena fatua and Lolium temulentum, to herbicides Isoproturon, Topik (Clodinafop-p) and Puma Super (Fenoxaprop-p). Completely randomized design with two factor treatments (weeds, herbicides) and eight replications was employed. Data were recorded on chlorotic and necrotic effects of herbicides on weeds, and percent mortality at the time interval of 14, 21 and 28 days after the application of herbicides. Dry biomass weight of weeds was recorded at 30 days after the treatments. Results indicated that all the parameters were affected significantly over the period of time. Maximum counts of chlorotic (2.16) and necrotic (2.97) weeds were observed at the 21st day of treatment. The highest mortality (31.1 %) was recorded at 21st day after the application of herbicides. Phalaris minor was the most resistant weed to herbicides showing the lowest mortality (only 17.7 %) compared to other two weeds. Maximum dry weight of weeds was recorded in control while a minimum of 0.456 g dry weight was observed where Topik (Clodinafop-p) was applied. For the effective control of P. minor, A. fatua and L. temulentum weeds in wheat crop, Topik (15 WP) @ 0.37 kg a.i. ha-1 was proved to be the most suitable herbicide applied at 3-4 foliar stage.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorotic weed counts peaked at 2.16 on the 21st day of treatment.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- Maximum counts of chlorotice1
- Value
- 2.16e1
- Qualifier
- 21st day of treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Poaceous Weeds in Wheat”
e1“Maximum counts of chlorotic (2.16) and necrotic (2.97) weeds were observed at the 21st day of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Necrotic weed counts peaked at 2.97 on the 21st day of treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- necrotice1
- Value
- 2.97e1
- Qualifier
- 21st day of treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Poaceous Weeds in Wheat”
e1“Maximum counts of chlorotic (2.16) and necrotic (2.97) weeds were observed at the 21st day of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-treated weeds reached the highest mortality of 31.1% on the 21st day after application.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicidese2
- Interactor
- weedse3weed
- Outcome
- mortalitye2
- Value
- 31.1 %e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Poaceous Weeds in Wheat”
e2“The highest mortality (31.1 %) was recorded at 21st day after the application of herbicides”
e3“Data were recorded on chlorotic and necrotic effects of herbicides on weeds, and percent mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Phalaris minor had the lowest herbicide-induced mortality (17.7%) of the three weeds.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicidese4
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore4weed - Outcome
- mortalitye4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Value
- 17.7 %e4
- Comparator
- other two weedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Response of Poaceous Weeds in Wheat”
e4“Phalaris minor was the most resistant weed to herbicides showing the lowest mortality (only 17.7 %) compared to other two weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Topik (Clodinafop-p) gave the lowest weed dry weight (0.456 g) compared with the control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Topik (Clodinafop-p)e5
- Interactor
- weedse5weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse5
- Direction
- minimume5
- Value
- 0.456 ge5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Poaceous Weeds in Wheat”
e5“Maximum dry weight of weeds was recorded in control while a minimum of 0.456 g dry weight was observed where Topik (Clodinafop-p) was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Topik (15 WP) at 0.37 kg a.i. ha-1, applied at the 3-4 foliar stage, is the most suitable herbicide for effective control of P. minor, A. fatua and L. temulentum in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Organ / stage
- 3-4 foliar stagee6
- Treatment
- Topik (15 WP) @ 0.37 kg a.i. ha-1e6
- Interactor
- P. minorPhalaris minore6weed
- Outcome
- effective control of P. minor, A. fatua and L. temulentum weedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“For the effective control of P. minor, A. fatua and L. temulentum weeds in wheat crop, Topik (15 WP) @ 0.37 kg a.i. ha-1 was proved to be the most suitable herbicide applied at 3-4 foliar stage”
Claim · model-written summary
All measured weed parameters were significantly affected over time after herbicide application.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- all the parameterse7
- Qualifier
- over the period of timee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Poaceous Weeds in Wheat”
e7“all the parameters were affected significantly over the period of time”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.