Abstract
Abstract Auxin is an important phytohormone which mediates diverse development processes in plants. Published research has demonstrated that auxin induces seed dormancy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effect of auxin on seed germination need further investigation, especially the relationship between auxins and both abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), the latter two phytohormones being the key regulators of seed germination. Here we report that exogenous auxin treatment represses soybean seed germination by enhancing ABA biosynthesis, while impairing GA biogenesis, and finally decreasing GA 1 /ABA and GA 4 /ABA ratios. Microscope observation showed that auxin treatment delayed rupture of the soybean seed coat and radicle protrusion. qPCR assay revealed that transcription of the genes involved in ABA biosynthetic pathway was up-regulated by application of auxin, while expression of genes involved in GA biosynthetic pathway was down-regulated. Accordingly, further phytohormone quantification shows that auxin significantly increased ABA content, whereas the active GA 1 and GA 4 levels were decreased, resulting insignificant decreases in the ratiosGA 1 /ABA and GA 4 /ABA.Consistent with this, ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone reversed the delayed-germination phenotype associated with auxin treatment, while paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, inhibited soybean seed germination. Altogether, exogenous auxin represses soybean seed germination by mediating ABA and GA biosynthesis.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous auxin repressed soybean seed germination.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- exogenous auxin treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- repressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous auxin treatment represses soybean seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin delayed soybean seed coat rupture.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seed coate0
- Treatment
- auxin treatmente0
- Outcome
- rupture of the soybean seed coate0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin treatment delayed rupture of the soybean seed coat and radicle protrusion.”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin delayed soybean radicle protrusion.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Treatment
- auxin treatmente0
- Outcome
- radicle protrusione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin treatment delayed rupture of the soybean seed coat and radicle protrusion.”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin upregulated transcription of ABA biosynthetic genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of auxine0
- Gene
- genes involved in ABA biosynthetic pathwaye0
- Outcome
- transcription of the genes involved in ABA biosynthetic pathwaye0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription of the genes involved in ABA biosynthetic pathway was up-regulated by application of auxin”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin downregulated GA biosynthetic gene expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- auxine1
- Gene
- genes involved in GA biosynthetic pathwaye0
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in GA biosynthetic pathwaye0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of genes involved in GA biosynthetic pathway was down-regulated.”
t0“soybean”
e1“auxin treatment delayed rupture”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin significantly increased ABA content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- auxine0
- Outcome
- ABA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin significantly increased ABA content”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin decreased active GA 1 levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- auxine1
- Outcome
- GA 1e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the active GA 1 and GA 4 levels were decreased”
t0“soybean”
e1“associated with auxin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin decreased active GA 4 levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- auxine1
- Outcome
- GA 4e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the active GA 1 and GA 4 levels were decreased”
t0“soybean”
e1“associated with auxin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin decreased the GA 1 to ABA ratio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- auxine1
- Outcome
- GA 1 /ABAe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting insignificant decreases in the ratiosGA 1 /ABA and GA 4 /ABA.”
t0“soybean”
e1“associated with auxin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin decreased the GA 4 to ABA ratio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- auxine1
- Outcome
- GA 4 /ABAe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting insignificant decreases in the ratiosGA 1 /ABA and GA 4 /ABA.”
t0“soybean”
e1“associated with auxin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluridone reversed auxin associated delayed soybean germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Outcome
- delayed-germination phenotypee0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- auxin treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone reversed the delayed-germination phenotype associated with auxin treatment”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol inhibited soybean seed germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, inhibited soybean seed germination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute auxin repression of germination to altered ABA and GA biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- exogenous auxine0
- Compound
- ABA and GAe0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Qualifier
- mediating ABA and GA biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous auxin represses soybean seed germination by mediating ABA and GA biosynthesis.”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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class · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 62 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.