Abstract
Cropping systems involving legumes are increasing due to the costs and environmental concerns attributed to N fertilizer. A green manure cover crop in a cropping system can benefit the soil by improving fertility and disrupting disease, insect or weed cycles. Two studies were conducted during two years at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Overton, TX. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) was evaluated as a multifunctional legume in a double cropping system with forage rye (Secale cereale L.), and 37 cowpea plant introduction (CPI) lines were evaluated for seed and biomass production. These studies measured cowpea biomass production, seed yield, carbon and nitrogen plant concentrations, and soil N contributions. Primary objectives were to 1) maximize rye biomass production through the incorporation of cowpea biomass in combination with different nitrogen rates concurrently; and 2) evaluate new CPI lines for traits needed in the cropping system and for potential seed production. The green manure cover crop of cowpea showed no impact (P ≥ 0.34) compared to fallow plots when comparing rye biomass in 2015 and in 2016 (P ≥ 0.26). Nitrogen rates had a positive linear relationship with rye biomass for 2015 (r^2=0.79) and 2016 (r^2=0.97). The lack of response of soil N from the summer green manure cover crop may be likely due to the soil type. Darco loamy fine sand (loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult), is an excessively drained soil and has very little nutrient holding capacity. The CPI lines were evaluated based on biomass production and seed yield by late September to incorporate into a cropping system with forage rye, and nematode resistance. Cowpea biomass production peaked at 3021 kg ha^-1 in 2015 and at 6009 kg ha^-1 in 2016. Cowpea seed yield ranged from 0 to 2322 kg ha^-1 in 2016 and 9 to 351 kg ha^-1 in 2015. One CPI line was identified with root-knot nematode resistance. Separately the CPI lines exhibited valuable traits such as biomass production, seed yield, and nematode resistance and will be further evaluated for additional breeding programs.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea green manure did not significantly change rye biomass relative to fallow in 2015.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee0 - Treatment
- green manure cover crop of cowpeae0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- no impacte0
- Value
- P ≥ 0.34e0
- Comparator
- fallow plotse0
- Setting
- 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green manure cover crop of cowpea showed no impact (P ≥ 0.34) compared to fallow plots when comparing rye biomass in 2015 and in 2016 (P ≥ 0.26)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea green manure did not significantly change rye biomass relative to fallow in 2016.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- green manure cover crop of cowpeae0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- no impacte0
- Value
- P ≥ 0.26e0
- Comparator
- fallow plotse0
- Setting
- 2016e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green manure cover crop of cowpea showed no impact (P ≥ 0.34) compared to fallow plots when comparing rye biomass in 2015 and in 2016 (P ≥ 0.26)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate was positively related to rye biomass in 2015.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r^2=0.79e0
- Setting
- 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen rates had a positive linear relationship with rye biomass for 2015 (r^2=0.79) and 2016 (r^2=0.97)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate was positively related to rye biomass in 2016.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- rye biomasse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r^2=0.97e0
- Setting
- 2016e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen rates had a positive linear relationship with rye biomass for 2015 (r^2=0.79) and 2016 (r^2=0.97)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea biomass production peaked at 3021 kg ha^-1 in 2015.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Value
- 3021 kg ha^-1e0
- Setting
- 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea biomass production peaked at 3021 kg ha^-1 in 2015 and at 6009 kg ha^-1 in 2016”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea biomass production peaked at 6009 kg ha^-1 in 2016.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Value
- 6009 kg ha^-1e0
- Setting
- 2016e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea biomass production peaked at 3021 kg ha^-1 in 2015 and at 6009 kg ha^-1 in 2016”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seed yield ranged from 0 to 2322 kg ha^-1 in 2016.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- rangede0
- Value
- 0 to 2322 kg ha^-1e0
- Setting
- 2016e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seed yield ranged from 0 to 2322 kg ha^-1 in 2016 and 9 to 351 kg ha^-1 in 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seed yield ranged from 9 to 351 kg ha^-1 in 2015.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- rangede0
- Value
- 9 to 351 kg ha^-1e0
- Setting
- 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seed yield ranged from 0 to 2322 kg ha^-1 in 2016 and 9 to 351 kg ha^-1 in 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
One cowpea introduction line had root-knot nematode resistance.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- CPI linee0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pest - Outcome
- root-knot nematode resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“One CPI line was identified with root-knot nematode resistance”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors plan further evaluation of cowpea lines for breeding.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- will be further evaluated for additional breeding programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“the CPI lines exhibited valuable traits such as biomass production, seed yield, and nematode resistance and will be further evaluated for additional breeding programs”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.