Abstract
Carinata is a new biofuel crop that was recently introduced in the southeastern USA as a winter crop. This crop is competitive after canopy closure, but there is a need for weed control options at earlier growth stages. Field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 to determine the safety of several PRE and POST herbicides in carinata. Pendimethalin at 1080 g ai ha −1 applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and PRE caused no carinata injury, or plant density and yield reductions. S -metolachlor was also safe at 694, 1070, 1390, and 2780 g ai ha −1 applied at PRE, 3 d after planting (DAP) and at the 2- to 6-leaf stage. Flumioxazin at 72 g ai ha −1 applied PRE was highly injurious on carinata preventing its establishment. Among the POST herbicides evaluated, clopyralid at 210 g ae ha 1 and clethodim at 136 g ai ha −1 caused minor injury to carinata but did not reduce yield compared to the nontreated control. Acifluorfen at 420 g ai ha −1 , bentazon at 840 g ai ha −1 , and carfentrazone at 18 g ai ha −1 applied POST to carinata caused 75 to 100% injury. Under stressful conditions (i.e. high summer temperatures) all POST herbicides caused more injury than under more favorable conditions for growth in Florida (i.e. winter). The present study identified pendimethalin, S -metolachlor, clopyralid and clethodim as potential herbicides for weed control in carinata, and flumioxazin, acifluorfen, bentazon, and carfentrazone as herbicides that can be used to control volunteer carinata plants in rotational crops.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin caused no carinata injury or reductions in plant density and yield.
- Taxon
- carinata
Brassica carinatae0 - Treatment
- Pendimethalin at 1080 g ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- carinata injury, or plant density and yield reductionse0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin at 1080 g ai ha −1 applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and PRE caused no carinata injury, or plant density and yield reductions.”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor was safe across four rates and three application timings.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- S -metolachlore0
- Outcome
- safee0
- Qualifier
- 694, 1070, 1390, and 2780 g ai ha −1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S -metolachlor was also safe at 694, 1070, 1390, and 2780 g ai ha −1 applied at PRE, 3 d after planting (DAP) and at the 2- to 6-leaf stage.”
t0“Carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence flumioxazin at 72 g ai ha −1 severely injured carinata and prevented establishment.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Treatment
- Flumioxazin at 72 g ai ha −1 applied PREe0
- Outcome
- carinata preventing its establishmente0
- Direction
- highly injuriouse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin at 72 g ai ha −1 applied PRE was highly injurious on carinata preventing its establishment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid caused minor injury but did not reduce yield against untreated control.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Treatment
- clopyralid at 210 g ae ha 1e0
- Outcome
- minor injurye0
- Direction
- minore0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clopyralid at 210 g ae ha 1 and clethodim at 136 g ai ha −1 caused minor injury to carinata but did not reduce yield compared to the nontreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clethodim caused minor injury but did not reduce yield against untreated control.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Treatment
- clethodim at 136 g ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- minor injurye0
- Direction
- minore0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clopyralid at 210 g ae ha 1 and clethodim at 136 g ai ha −1 caused minor injury to carinata but did not reduce yield compared to the nontreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence acifluorfen produced 75 to 100% carinata injury.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Treatment
- Acifluorfen at 420 g ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 75 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acifluorfen at 420 g ai ha −1 , bentazon at 840 g ai ha −1 , and carfentrazone at 18 g ai ha −1 applied POST to carinata caused 75 to 100% injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bentazon produced 75 to 100% carinata injury.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Treatment
- bentazon at 840 g ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 75 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acifluorfen at 420 g ai ha −1 , bentazon at 840 g ai ha −1 , and carfentrazone at 18 g ai ha −1 applied POST to carinata caused 75 to 100% injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence carfentrazone produced 75 to 100% carinata injury.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Treatment
- carfentrazone at 18 g ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 75 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acifluorfen at 420 g ai ha −1 , bentazon at 840 g ai ha −1 , and carfentrazone at 18 g ai ha −1 applied POST to carinata caused 75 to 100% injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
All postemergence herbicides injured carinata more under hot summer stress than in winter Florida growth conditions.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatat0
- Treatment
- all POST herbicidese0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- more favorable conditions for growth in Florida (i.e. winter)e0
- Setting
- Floridae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stressful conditions (i.e. high summer temperatures) all POST herbicides caused more injury than under more favorable conditions for growth in Florida (i.e. winter).”
t0“Carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors identified four herbicides as potential carinata weed control options.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Outcome
- potential herbicides for weed controle0
- Qualifier
- pendimethalin, S -metolachlor, clopyralid and clethodime0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study identified pendimethalin, S -metolachlor, clopyralid and clethodim as potential herbicides for weed control in carinata”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors identified four herbicides for control of volunteer carinata in rotational crops.
- Taxon
- carinataBrassica carinatae0
- Outcome
- control volunteer carinata plantse0
- Qualifier
- flumioxazin, acifluorfen, bentazon, and carfentrazonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flumioxazin, acifluorfen, bentazon, and carfentrazone as herbicides that can be used to control volunteer carinata plants in rotational crops.”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · crop injury · Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.