Soybean and wheat response to cropping and tillage system after two decades in an oxisol under subtropical climate in Brazil

Abstract

EnglishO sistema plantio direto tem sido um dos principais sistemas conservacionistas dos solos em regioes tropicais e subtropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros de rendimento e morfologicos de soja e de trigo em Latossolo Vermelho sob sistemas de manejo e modelos de producao em regiao de clima Subtropical (Londrina, Brasil, latitude 23o11’S; longitude 51o11’W; e 620 m de altitude). O delineamento de blocos ao acaso foi usado, em esquema fatorial, com cinco preparos, dois modelos de producao e quatro repeticoes. Os preparos do solo incluiram o convencional; minimo escarificado anualmente ou a cada tres anos; sistema plantio direto com 11 anos; e sistema plantio direto com 24 anos. O fator sistema de cultivo foi comporto por rotacao e sucessao de culturas. Na cultura de soja foi avaliada a produtividade de graos, massa de mil graos, altura de plantas e de insercao do primeiro legume, teores de clorofila e indice de vegetacao por diferenca normalizada, ja na cultura de trigo foram avaliadas a produtividade e o pH dos graos. As produtividades de graos de soja e de trigo nao foram alteradas em funcao dos modelos de producao. Entre os tempos de adocao do sistema plantio direto nao houve diferencas de producao de graos, sendo maior do que no preparo convencional. A escarificacao do solo nao incrementou a produtividade de graos das culturas. Assim, a escarificacao do solo sob as condicoes edafoclimaticas deste estudo e uma pratica de manejo dispensavel devido a ausencia de incrementos morfologicos e produtivos para soja e trigo. portuguesNo-tillage system have been a mainly conservationist system specially in tropical and subtropical climate conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate yield components and morphological soybean and wheat in Rhodic Eutrudox under tillage and cropping systems in Subtropical climate (Londrina, Brazil, latitude 23o11’S; longitude 51o11’W; and 620 m in altitude). This study was carried with five tillage and two cropping systems, on completely randomized block design, with four replications. Tillage systems consisted of conventional tillage with disk harrow; minimum tillage with annual chiselling; minimum tillage with chiselling every three years; no-tillage for 11 years; and no-tillage for 24 years. The factor cropping systems was represented by crop rotation and crop succession. In the soybean crop were evaluated yield, mass of 1000 grains, plant height, and first pod insertion of soybean, chlorophyll content and the vegetation index normalized difference. Furthermore, for the wheat cropping was evaluated the grain yield and hectolitre weight. Soybean and wheat grain yields were not changed due to cropping systems. Soybeans yield in no-tillage with 24 years was higher than in conventional tillage; and soybean and wheat yields were not affected by times under no-till adoption. Soil chiselling not favoured increased in productivity of soybean and wheat. Thus, soil chiselling under this climate conditions is an unnecessary practice due to absence of productive and morphological improvement for soybean and wheat cropping.

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