Abstract
The effect of cattle manure and sulfur fertilizer on seed yield and oil composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca) under inoculated with Thiobacillus thiooxidans was investigated in a factorial study based on a randomized complete block design. Experimental factors consisted of cattle manure (M) (M0: 0, M1: 10; and M2: 20 t ha−1), sulfur (S) (S0: 0, S1: 250; and S2: 500 kg ha−1) and T. thiooxidans (B): inoculated (B1) and non-inoculated (B0). Results demonstrated that the application of T. thiooxidans, cattle manure, and S fertilizer decreased the soil pH. The largest number of seed per fruit (367), highest fruit yield (70.57 t ha−1), seed iron (Fe) content (16.26 mg 100 g−1), and seed yield (111 kg ha−1) was obtained when 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidans. In this condition, the content of S, Fe, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in plant shoots was increased by 44.8%, 22.58%, 33.89%, and 10.38%, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the highest content of seed protein was observed in 10 t ha−1 manure and 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer inoculated with T. thiooxidans. When 250 kg ha−1 S fertilizer was applied, 20 t ha−1 manure decreased seed P content sharply. At the rate of 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer, the highest content of seed P was obtained from 20 t ha−1 manure. Totally, 20 t ha−1 cattle manure, along with 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer as well as T. thiooxidans inoculation, improved oil and seed yield of medicinal pumpkin.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Applying the bacterium, manure and sulfur decreased soil pH.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- the application of T. thiooxidans, cattle manure, and S fertilizere0
- Interactor
- T. thiooxidansAcidithiobacillus thiooxidanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“the application of T. thiooxidans, cattle manure, and S fertilizer decreased the soil pH”
Claim · model-written summary
The 20 t manure plus 500 kg sulfur inoculated treatment produced the largest seed number per fruit, 367.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidanse0
- Interactor
- T. thiooxidansAcidithiobacillus thiooxidanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of seed per fruite0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 367e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“The largest number of seed per fruit (367), highest fruit yield (70.57 t ha−1), seed iron (Fe) content (16.26 mg 100 g−1), and seed yield (111 kg ha−1) was obtained when 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidans”
Claim · model-written summary
That combined treatment gave the highest fruit yield of 70.57 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidanse0
- Interactor
- T. thiooxidansAcidithiobacillus thiooxidanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 70.57 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“The largest number of seed per fruit (367), highest fruit yield (70.57 t ha−1), seed iron (Fe) content (16.26 mg 100 g−1), and seed yield (111 kg ha−1) was obtained when 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidans”
Claim · model-written summary
That combined treatment produced seed iron content of 16.26 mg per 100 g.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidanse0
- Interactor
- T. thiooxidansAcidithiobacillus thiooxidanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed iron (Fe) contente0
- Value
- 16.26 mg 100 g−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“seed iron (Fe) content (16.26 mg 100 g−1), and seed yield (111 kg ha−1) was obtained when 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidans”
Claim · model-written summary
That combined treatment gave seed yield of 111 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidanse0
- Interactor
- T. thiooxidansAcidithiobacillus thiooxidanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Value
- 111 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“seed yield (111 kg ha−1) was obtained when 20 t ha−1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha−1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidans”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased shoot sulfur by 44.8% versus control.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Organ / stage
- plant shootse0
- Outcome
- content of Se0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44.8%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“the content of S, Fe, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in plant shoots was increased by 44.8%, 22.58%, 33.89%, and 10.38%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased shoot iron by 22.58% versus control.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Organ / stage
- plant shootse0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.58%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“the content of S, Fe, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in plant shoots was increased by 44.8%, 22.58%, 33.89%, and 10.38%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased shoot phosphorus by 33.89% versus control.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Organ / stage
- plant shootse0
- Outcome
- phosphorus (P)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.89%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“the content of S, Fe, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in plant shoots was increased by 44.8%, 22.58%, 33.89%, and 10.38%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased shoot nitrogen by 10.38% versus control.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Organ / stage
- plant shootse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.38%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“the content of S, Fe, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in plant shoots was increased by 44.8%, 22.58%, 33.89%, and 10.38%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 t manure and 500 kg sulfur inoculated treatment gave the highest seed protein content.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 10 t ha−1 manure and 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer inoculated with T. thiooxidanse0
- Interactor
- T. thiooxidansAcidithiobacillus thiooxidanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- content of seed proteine0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“the highest content of seed protein was observed in 10 t ha−1 manure and 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer inoculated with T. thiooxidans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 kg sulfur, 20 t manure sharply decreased seed phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 20 t ha−1 manuree0
- Outcome
- seed P contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 250 kg ha−1 S fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“When 250 kg ha−1 S fertilizer was applied, 20 t ha−1 manure decreased seed P content sharply”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 kg sulfur, 20 t manure produced the highest seed phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 20 t ha−1 manuree0
- Outcome
- content of seed Pe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“At the rate of 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer, the highest content of seed P was obtained from 20 t ha−1 manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that 20 t manure, 500 kg sulfur and bacterial inoculation improved oil yield.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- 20 t ha−1 cattle manure, along with 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer as well as T. thiooxidans inoculatione0
- Interactor
- T. thiooxidansAcidithiobacillus thiooxidanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- oile0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“pumpkin”
e0“20 t ha−1 cattle manure, along with 500 kg ha−1 S fertilizer as well as T. thiooxidans inoculation, improved oil and seed yield of medicinal pumpkin”
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