Abstract
Introduction: ) under both sole and intercropping field systems. Methods: A factorial experimental design was conducted over two growing seasons (2023 and 2024), involving three cropping systems: sunflower monoculture, pumpkin monoculture, and additive sunflower-pumpkin intercropping. Each system was assessed with and without AM inoculation to determine the interactive effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis and cropping pattern. Results: AM inoculation significantly improved root colonization, especially in intercropped pumpkins, and enhanced key plant growth parameters, including chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf number, biomass, and reproductive traits. The highest performance was recorded in AM-treated intercropped systems for both crops. Seed weight increased notably under AM inoculation, reflecting improved reproductive development. Analysis of mineral nutrient content revealed substantial improvements in macro- and micronutrient uptake with AM symbiosis. Intercropped AM-treated plants showed enhanced levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron compared to their non-mycorrhizal counterparts. Additionally, AM treatments led to a marked improvement in oil yield and quality. In particular, AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations. Discussion: These findings highlight the synergistic potential of integrating AM fungal inoculation with intercropping practices to enhance crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and oilseed quality. The results support the adoption of AM fungi as a sustainable biofertilizer strategy in modern agroecosystems.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation significantly improved root colonization in intercropped pumpkins.
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Direction
- significantly improvede0
- Comparator
- without AM inoculatione1
CucurbitaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e0“AM inoculation significantly improved root colonization, especially in intercropped pumpkins, and enhanced key plant growth parameters, including chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf number, biomass, and reproductive traits”
e1“Each system was assessed with and without AM inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation enhanced chlorophyll content, plant height and leaf number.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e0“AM inoculation significantly improved root colonization, especially in intercropped pumpkins, and enhanced key plant growth parameters, including chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf number, biomass, and reproductive traits”
e1“Each system was assessed with and without AM inoculation”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation enhanced biomass and reproductive traits.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e0“AM inoculation significantly improved root colonization, especially in intercropped pumpkins, and enhanced key plant growth parameters, including chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf number, biomass, and reproductive traits”
e1“Each system was assessed with and without AM inoculation”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-treated intercropped systems gave the highest performance for both crops.
- Taxon
- sunflower and pumpkine7
- Treatment
- AM-treated intercropped systemse2
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- performancee2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
e2“The highest performance was recorded in AM-treated intercropped systems for both crops”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased seed weight.
- Taxon
- sunflower and pumpkine7
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione3
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- Seed weighte3
- Direction
- increased notablye3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
e3“Seed weight increased notably under AM inoculation, reflecting improved reproductive development”
Claim · model-written summary
AM symbiosis substantially improved macro- and micronutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- sunflower and pumpkine7
- Treatment
- AM symbiosise4
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- macro- and micronutrient uptakee4
- Direction
- substantial improvementse4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
e4“Analysis of mineral nutrient content revealed substantial improvements in macro- and micronutrient uptake with AM symbiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped AM-treated plants had enhanced phosphorus, potassium and calcium levels compared with non-mycorrhizal plants.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
e5“Intercropped AM-treated plants showed enhanced levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron compared to their non-mycorrhizal counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped AM-treated plants had enhanced zinc and iron levels compared with non-mycorrhizal plants.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
e5“Intercropped AM-treated plants showed enhanced levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron compared to their non-mycorrhizal counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
AM treatments markedly improved oil yield and quality.
- Taxon
- sunflower and pumpkine7
- Treatment
- AM treatmentse6
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- oil yield and qualitye6
- Direction
- marked improvemente6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
e6“AM treatments led to a marked improvement in oil yield and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds had higher total oil content.
- Taxon
- sunflower and pumpkine7
- Treatment
- AM-inoculatede7
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- total oil contente7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds had increased oleic acid.
- Taxon
- sunflower and pumpkine7
- Treatment
- AM-inoculatede7
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- oleic acide7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds had reduced linoleic acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflower and pumpkine7
- Treatment
- AM-inoculatede7
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- linoleic acid concentrationse7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e7“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content and a favorable shift in fatty acid composition, characterized by increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adopting AM fungi as a sustainable biofertilizer strategy in agroecosystems.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e0“AM-inoculated sunflower and pumpkin seeds exhibited higher total oil content”
e1“The results support the adoption of AM fungi as a sustainable biofertilizer strategy in modern agroecosystems”
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