Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important ornamental plant and good source of vegetable oil, widely accepted as potential promising plant for phytoremediation. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of cadmium on the growth and some biochemical attributes of sunflower and role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in assuaging the cadmium stress induced changes. Cadmium treatment reduced growth, chlorophyll contents and cell membrane stability. AMF inoculated plants showed increased growth, chlorophyll contents and cell membrane stability and also mitigated changes caused due to cadmium. Cadmium caused increase in lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide production. An increase in antioxidant enzyme activity was observed due to cadmium treatment which was further enhanced by inoculation of AMF. Increase in proline and total phenols due to cadmium stress was obvious. Cadmium stressed plants showed enhanced fatty acid content. AMF inoculated plants showed higher activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases which were reduced by cadmium stress. However palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) reduced in cadmium treated plants and the negative impact of cadmium was mitigated by AMF.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced growth, chlorophyll and membrane stability.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Cadmium treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth, chlorophyll contents and cell membrane stabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium treatment reduced growth, chlorophyll contents and cell membrane stability”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased growth, chlorophyll and membrane stability.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, chlorophyll contents and cell membrane stabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculated plants showed increased growth, chlorophyll contents and cell membrane stability”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium caused increase in lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide production”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- cadmium treatmente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in antioxidant enzyme activity was observed due to cadmium treatment”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation further enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- inoculation of AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- enhancede0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was further enhanced by inoculation of AMF”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium raised proline and total phenols.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- proline and total phenolse0
- Direction
- Increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in proline and total phenols due to cadmium stress was obvious”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium raised fatty acid content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume0
- Outcome
- fatty acid contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stressed plants showed enhanced fatty acid content”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation raised acid and alkaline phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- activities of acid and alkaline phosphatasese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculated plants showed higher activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced acid and alkaline phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- reducede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which were reduced by cadmium stress”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced four unsaturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- cadmium treatede0
- Outcome
- palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) reduced in cadmium treated plants”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated the adverse cadmium effect on fatty acids.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- negative impact of cadmiume0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the negative impact of cadmium was mitigated by AMF”
t0“sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →cadmium atom · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →cadmium atom · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →inoculation · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →mycorrhiza · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.