Abstract
We investigated the effects on physiological response, trace elements and nutrients accumulation of sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with: 5 mg kg(-1) of Cd; 5 and 300 mg kg(-1) of Cd and Zn, respectively; 5, 300, and 400 mg kg(-1) of Cd, Zn, and Cu, respectively. Contaminants applied did not produce large effects on growth, except in Cd-Zn-Cu treatment in which leaf area and total dry matter were reduced, by 15%. The contamination with Cd alone did not affect neither growth nor physiological parameters, despite considerable amounts of Cd accumulated in roots and older leaves, with a high bioconcentration factor from soil to plant. By adding Zn and then Cu to Cd in soil, significant were the toxic effects on chlorophyll content and water relations due to greater accumulation of trace elements in tissues, with imbalances in nutrients uptake. Highly significant was the interaction between shoot elements concentration (Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Ca) and treatments. Heavy metals concentrations in roots always exceeded those in stem and leaves, with a lower translocation from roots to shoots, suggesting a strategy of sunflower to compartmentalise the potentially toxic elements in physiologically less active parts in order to preserve younger tissues.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The contaminants applied did not produce large effects on sunflower growth.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Contaminants appliede1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- did not produce large effectse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“Contaminants applied did not produce large effects on growth”
Claim · model-written summary
In the Cd-Zn-Cu treatment, leaf area and total dry matter of sunflower were reduced by 15%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Cd-Zn-Cu treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf area and total dry mattere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 15%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“except in Cd-Zn-Cu treatment in which leaf area and total dry matter were reduced, by 15%”
Claim · model-written summary
Contamination with Cd alone did not affect growth or physiological parameters of sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- contamination with Cd alonee1
- Outcome
- growth nor physiological parameterse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“The contamination with Cd alone did not affect neither growth nor physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Considerable amounts of Cd accumulated in sunflower roots and older leaves, with a high bioconcentration factor from soil to plant.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- roots and older leavese1
- Outcome
- considerable amounts of Cd accumulatede1
- Qualifier
- high bioconcentration factor from soil to plante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“considerable amounts of Cd accumulated in roots and older leaves, with a high bioconcentration factor from soil to plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Zn and then Cu to Cd in soil had significant toxic effects on sunflower chlorophyll content and water relations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- adding Zn and then Cu to Cd in soile1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and water relationse1
- Direction
- toxic effectse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“By adding Zn and then Cu to Cd in soil, significant were the toxic effects on chlorophyll content and water relations”
Claim · model-written summary
The toxic effects on chlorophyll content and water relations are attributed to greater accumulation of trace elements in tissues, with imbalances in nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- toxic effects on chlorophyll content and water relationse1
- Qualifier
- due to greater accumulation of trace elements in tissues, with imbalances in nutrients uptakee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“significant were the toxic effects on chlorophyll content and water relations due to greater accumulation of trace elements in tissues, with imbalances in nutrients uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between shoot element concentrations (Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Ca) and treatments was highly significant.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- treatmentse1
- Outcome
- shoot elements concentratione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“Highly significant was the interaction between shoot elements concentration (Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Ca) and treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal concentrations in sunflower roots always exceeded those in stem and leaves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- Heavy metals concentrationse1
- Direction
- exceedede1
- Comparator
- stem and leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“Heavy metals concentrations in roots always exceeded those in stem and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Translocation of heavy metals from roots to shoots was lower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- translocation from roots to shootse1
- Direction
- lowere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“with a lower translocation from roots to shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest sunflower compartmentalises potentially toxic elements in physiologically less active parts to preserve younger tissues.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- compartmentalise the potentially toxic elementse1
- Qualifier
- in physiologically less active parts in order to preserve younger tissuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with”
e1“suggesting a strategy of sunflower to compartmentalise the potentially toxic elements in physiologically less active parts in order to preserve younger tissues”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.