Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a widely cultivated fruit tree in the Philippines but remains a backyard crop. It can be improved genetically through biotechnology. However a system for its micropropagation must be established. This study aimed at achieving the above and use it as a tooling mutation breeding. A somatic embroyogenesis protocol was developed for avocado using immature embryos of varieties 'Mainit' and 'Semil'. A 24 percent plantlet regeneration was obtained from over 2,000 somatic embryos. Growth of shoots was very slow but was improved by in vitro grafting. However, in vitro grafting was quite tedious and whole plant recovery poses some difficulty. The authors developed another technique of producing plantlets, i.e. by rooting of cuttings obtained from shoots regenerated in vitro. Among the three media tested, highest roofing percentage (50 percent) was in Barba and Patena's BP medium followed by Murashige and Skoog's MS medium (25 percent) and least with the Woody Plant WP Medium (15 percent). The rooted shoots were transplanted to potting media with or without the growth-promoting beneficial microorganisms (BIOTECH's BioGroe). A 100 percent survival was obtained without the BioGroe treatment. With BioGroe, a 100 percent survival was obtained in 1 among the 4 formulations tested. With rooted shoots, stem elongation was 100 percent and 20-80 percent without and with GioGroe, respectively. When shoots were not rooted, survival was 60 percent without BioGroe and 20-40 percent with BioGroe. With the successful transplant of plantlets to soil, a complete micropropagation system of avocado via somatic embryogenesis was achived. Growth promoting beneficial microorganisms during transplant were found not essential. A useful application of the tissue cultured system developed for avocado is in mutation breeding. Variability was induced in embryogenic cultures (ECs) of avocado using gamma irradiation. Proliferation of ECs was significantly reduced using 20 and 30 Gy by as much as 76 percent and 86 percent for variety 'Mainit' and 31 percent and 84 percent for variety 'Semil', respectively. The LD50 for both ' Mainit' and 'Semil' was at 20 Gy over 100 regenerants were obtained from these irradiated cultures. These together wit over 100 non-irradiated regenerants are being micropropagated using th eprotocol described above for subsequent mutant/variant screening.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
A somatic embryogenesis protocol using immature embryos of avocado varieties Mainit and Semil gave 24 percent plantlet regeneration from over 2,000 somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanae0 - Organ / stage
- immature embryose0
- Outcome
- plantlet regeneratione0
- Value
- 24 percente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A somatic embroyogenesis protocol was developed for avocado using immature embryos of varieties 'Mainit' and 'Semil'. A 24 percent plantlet regeneration was obtained from over 2,000 somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow shoot growth in avocado was improved by in vitro grafting.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- in vitro graftinge0
- Outcome
- Growth of shootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of shoots was very slow but was improved by in vitro grafting”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Among three media, the BP medium gave the highest rooting percentage (50 percent) of avocado shoots.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Barba and Patena's BP mediume0
- Outcome
- roofing percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 50 percente0
- Comparator
- Murashige and Skoog's MS mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the three media tested, highest roofing percentage (50 percent) was in Barba and Patena's BP medium followed by Murashige and Skoog's MS medium (25 percent) and least with the Woody Plant WP Medium (15 percent)”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
The MS medium gave 25 percent rooting of avocado shoots, below the BP medium and above the WP medium.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Murashige and Skoog's MS mediume0
- Outcome
- roofing percentagee0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 25 percente0
- Comparator
- Woody Plant WP Mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the three media tested, highest roofing percentage (50 percent) was in Barba and Patena's BP medium followed by Murashige and Skoog's MS medium (25 percent) and least with the Woody Plant WP Medium (15 percent)”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
The Woody Plant WP medium gave the lowest rooting percentage (15 percent) of avocado shoots.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Woody Plant WP Mediume0
- Outcome
- roofing percentagee0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 15 percente0
- Comparator
- Barba and Patena's BP mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the three media tested, highest roofing percentage (50 percent) was in Barba and Patena's BP medium followed by Murashige and Skoog's MS medium (25 percent) and least with the Woody Plant WP Medium (15 percent)”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted rooted avocado shoots had 100 percent survival without the BioGroe treatment.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Value
- 100 percente0
- Qualifier
- without the BioGroe treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 100 percent survival was obtained without the BioGroe treatment”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
With BioGroe, 100 percent survival of transplanted avocado shoots was obtained in only 1 of the 4 formulations tested.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Value
- 100 percente0
- Qualifier
- 1 among the 4 formulations testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With BioGroe, a 100 percent survival was obtained in 1 among the 4 formulations tested”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
For rooted avocado shoots, stem elongation was 100 percent without BioGroe and 20-80 percent with it.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- GioGroee0
- Outcome
- stem elongatione0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 20-80 percente0
- Qualifier
- 100 percente0
- Comparator
- withoute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With rooted shoots, stem elongation was 100 percent and 20-80 percent without and with GioGroe, respectively”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
For unrooted avocado shoots, survival was 60 percent without BioGroe and 20-40 percent with BioGroe.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- with BioGroee0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 20-40 percente0
- Qualifier
- When shoots were not rootede0
- Comparator
- without BioGroee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When shoots were not rooted, survival was 60 percent without BioGroe and 20-40 percent with BioGroe”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth promoting beneficial microorganisms applied during transplant were found not essential for avocado plantlets.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Growth promoting beneficial microorganismse0
- Outcome
- not essentiale0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth promoting beneficial microorganisms during transplant were found not essential”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
A complete micropropagation system of avocado via somatic embryogenesis was achieved with successful transplant of plantlets to soil.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- complete micropropagation systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a complete micropropagation system of avocado via somatic embryogenesis was achived”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation at 20 and 30 Gy significantly reduced proliferation of embryogenic cultures of avocado variety Mainit by as much as 76 and 86 percent.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae1
- Material
- Mainite0
- Treatment
- 20 and 30 Gye0
- Outcome
- Proliferation of ECse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 76 percent and 86 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proliferation of ECs was significantly reduced using 20 and 30 Gy by as much as 76 percent and 86 percent for variety 'Mainit'”
e1“Variability was induced in embryogenic cultures (ECs) of avocado using gamma irradiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation at 20 and 30 Gy significantly reduced proliferation of embryogenic cultures of avocado variety Semil by 31 and 84 percent.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae1
- Material
- Semile0
- Treatment
- 20 and 30 Gye0
- Outcome
- Proliferation of ECse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31 percent and 84 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proliferation of ECs was significantly reduced using 20 and 30 Gy by as much as 76 percent and 86 percent for variety 'Mainit' and 31 percent and 84 percent for variety 'Semil'”
e1“Variability was induced in embryogenic cultures (ECs) of avocado using gamma irradiation”
Claim · model-written summary
The LD50 for embryogenic cultures of both Mainit and Semil was at 20 Gy.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- LD50e0
- Value
- 20 Gye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LD50 for both ' Mainit' and 'Semil' was at 20 Gy”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Over 100 regenerants were obtained from the irradiated avocado cultures.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- regenerantse0
- Value
- over 100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over 100 regenerants were obtained from these irradiated cultures”
t0“avocado”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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See all 8 papers →in vitro · growth · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.