Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during summer (2013/2014) and winter (2014) in two different soil types to evaluate the effect of biochar and P fertilizer application on growth, yield, and water use efficiency of chickpea. Soil types include Rhodic Ferralsols (clay) in Thohoyandou and Leptic Cambisols (loamy sand) in Nelspruit, South Africa. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of four biochar levels (0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha−1) and two phosphorus fertilizer levels (0 and 90 kg ha−1) arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Biochar application at 5 t ha−1 significantly increased biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency of biomass production (WUEb) in the clay soil compared to 10 and 20 t ha−1. However, the increase was attributed to the addition of P fertilizer. Biochar application had no effect on yield components in the loamy sand soil, but P fertilizer addition increased number of seeds/pod in the loamy sand soil and number of pods/plant in the clay soil. Biochar and P fertilizer application on growth and yield of chickpea varied in soil types and seasons, as the effect was more prominent in the clay soil than the loamy sand soil during the summer sowing.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 5 t ha−1 significantly increased biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency of biomass production in clay soil compared with 10 and 20 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Biochar application at 5 t ha−1e1
- Outcome
- biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency of biomass production (WUEb)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- 10 and 20 t ha−1e1
- Setting
- clay soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea”
e1“Biochar application at 5 t ha−1 significantly increased biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency of biomass production (WUEb) in the clay soil compared to 10 and 20 t ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer addition increased the number of seeds per pod of chickpea in loamy sand soil.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P fertilizer additione2
- Outcome
- number of seeds/pode2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- loamy sand soile2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea”
e2“P fertilizer addition increased number of seeds/pod in the loamy sand soil”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer addition increased the number of pods per plant of chickpea in clay soil.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P fertilizer additione3
- Outcome
- number of pods/plante3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- clay soile3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea”
e3“P fertilizer addition increased number of seeds/pod in the loamy sand soil and number of pods/plant in the clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar application had no effect on yield components of chickpea in loamy sand soil.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar applicatione4
- Outcome
- yield componentse4
- Direction
- no effecte4
- Setting
- loamy sand soile4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea”
e4“Biochar application had no effect on yield components in the loamy sand soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and P fertilizer effects on chickpea growth and yield varied across soil types and seasons, being more prominent in clay soil than loamy sand soil in summer sowing.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar and P fertilizer applicatione5
- Outcome
- growth and yield of chickpeae5
- Direction
- variede5
- Qualifier
- more prominent in the clay soil than the loamy sand soile5
- Setting
- summer sowinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea”
e5“Biochar and P fertilizer application on growth and yield of chickpea varied in soil types and seasons, as the effect was more prominent in the clay soil than the loamy sand soil during the summer sowing”
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