Abstract
Direct feeding of nutrients to bunch after de-navelling was evaluated in seven varieties of banana (Musa sp.) cvs. 'Grand Naine' (GN), 'Robusta'(R), 'Dwarf Cavendish'(DC), 'Ney Poovan'(NP), 'Nanjangud Rasabale'(NR), 'Nendran' (N) and 'Red banana' (RB) using 500g fresh cow-dung, 100ml water, and 2.5 - 10g each of urea and SOP in combinations. Across varieties, fruit and bunch weight increased by 41.5-104.0% and 44.5-97.3%, respectively, compared to 'control'. Maximum increase in fruit weight was observed with a blend of urea + SOP each at 10g in 'GN', 7.5g in 'R', 'DC', 'N' and 'RB', while, the level of urea + SOP was best at 2.5g for 'NP' and 5.0g for 'NR'. Magnitude of increase in fruit and bunch weight was higher in the cut-end (distal end) of the bunch compared to the leaf-end (proximal end). Improvement in pulp:peel ratio was best in 'NP' (4.29-5.91) and 'NR' (2.99-4.32), while, it was lowest in 'GN' (2.69- 2.72). Total soluble solids (TSS) in the pulp decreased with increasing fruit/bunch yield. 'N' showed an increase in TSS from 23.9-24.8°Brix in 'control', to 27.1-27.2° at 7.5g each combined urea and SOP application. Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R', 0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC', 3.01 to 5.22 in 'NP', 2.16 to 3.41 in 'NR', 1.37 to 3.67 in 'N' and from 2.82 to 4.96 in 'RB', indicating obvious profitability of the technique. Nutrient composition in respect of N, K and S showed a general increase consequent to direct nutrient feeding. Differences in fruit quality and nutrient composition between the top and the bottom portion of the bunch differed with variety.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Direct nutrient feeding increased banana fruit weight across varieties by 41.5-104.0% versus control.
Verbatim
e0“Across varieties, fruit and bunch weight increased by 41.5-104.0% and 44.5-97.3%, respectively, compared to 'control'”
e1“Maximum increase in fruit weight was observed with a blend of urea + SOP each at 10g in 'GN'”
t0“Banana”
t1“Direct Feeding of De-Navelled Banana Bunch with Nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct nutrient feeding increased banana bunch weight across varieties by 44.5-97.3% versus control.
Verbatim
e0“Across varieties, fruit and bunch weight increased by 41.5-104.0% and 44.5-97.3%, respectively, compared to 'control'”
t0“Direct Feeding of De-Navelled Banana Bunch with Nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
The best urea plus SOP dose for fruit weight was 10g in GN.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase in fruit weight was observed with a blend of urea + SOP each at 10g in 'GN'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
The best urea plus SOP dose for fruit weight was 7.5g in R, DC, N and RB.
Verbatim
e0“7.5g in 'R', 'DC', 'N' and 'RB'”
e1“Maximum increase in fruit weight was observed with a blend of urea + SOP each at 10g in 'GN', 7.5g in 'R', 'DC', 'N' and 'RB'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
The best urea plus SOP dose was 2.5g in NP.
Verbatim
e0“level of urea + SOP was best at 2.5g for 'NP'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
The best urea plus SOP dose was 5.0g in NR.
Verbatim
e0“5.0g for 'NR'”
e1“level of urea + SOP was best at 2.5g for 'NP' and 5.0g for 'NR'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and bunch weight increases were higher at the distal than proximal end of the banana bunch.
Verbatim
e0“Magnitude of increase in fruit and bunch weight was higher in the cut-end (distal end) of the bunch compared to the leaf-end (proximal end)”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulp:peel ratio improvement was best in NP at 4.29-5.91.
Verbatim
e0“Improvement in pulp:peel ratio was best in 'NP' (4.29-5.91)”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulp:peel ratio improvement was best in NR at 2.99-4.32.
Verbatim
e0“'NR' (2.99-4.32)”
e1“Improvement in pulp:peel ratio was best in 'NP' (4.29-5.91) and 'NR' (2.99-4.32)”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulp:peel ratio improvement was lowest in GN at 2.69- 2.72.
Verbatim
e0“lowest in 'GN' (2.69- 2.72)”
e1“pulp:peel ratio was best in 'NP' (4.29-5.91) and 'NR' (2.99-4.32), while, it was lowest in 'GN' (2.69- 2.72)”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulp TSS decreased as fruit and bunch yield increased.
Verbatim
e0“Total soluble solids (TSS) in the pulp decreased with increasing fruit/bunch yield”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
In N, 7.5g each urea and SOP increased TSS from 23.9-24.8°Brix to 27.1-27.2°.
Verbatim
e0“'N' showed an increase in TSS from 23.9-24.8°Brix in 'control', to 27.1-27.2° at 7.5g each combined urea and SOP application”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit: cost rose from 0.35 to 1.20 in GN.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit: cost rose from 0.79 to 1.62 in R.
Verbatim
e0“0.79 to 1.62 in 'R'”
e1“Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit: cost rose from 0.60 to 1.43 in DC.
Verbatim
e0“0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC'”
e1“Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R', 0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit: cost rose from 3.01 to 5.22 in NP.
Verbatim
e0“3.01 to 5.22 in 'NP'”
e1“Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R', 0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC', 3.01 to 5.22 in 'NP'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit: cost rose from 2.16 to 3.41 in NR.
Verbatim
e0“2.16 to 3.41 in 'NR'”
e1“Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R', 0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC', 3.01 to 5.22 in 'NP', 2.16 to 3.41 in 'NR'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit: cost rose from 1.37 to 3.67 in N.
Verbatim
e0“1.37 to 3.67 in 'N'”
e1“Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R', 0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC', 3.01 to 5.22 in 'NP', 2.16 to 3.41 in 'NR', 1.37 to 3.67 in 'N'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit: cost rose from 2.82 to 4.96 in RB.
Verbatim
e0“from 2.82 to 4.96 in 'RB'”
e1“Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R', 0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC', 3.01 to 5.22 in 'NP', 2.16 to 3.41 in 'NR', 1.37 to 3.67 in 'N' and from 2.82 to 4.96 in 'RB'”
t0“Banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct feeding generally increased N, K and S composition, with fruit quality and composition varying by bunch position and variety.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient composition in respect of N, K and S showed a general increase consequent to direct nutrient feeding. Differences in fruit quality and nutrient composition between the top and the bottom portion of the bunch differed with variety”
t0“Banana”
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