Abstract
Onions ( Allium cepa L.) are easily outcompeted by weeds because of slow germination and relative growth rates. Therefore, high percentage of seed germination and root vigor are important traits to improve field performance. The effects of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs), 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon, Eth), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans -zeatin ( t Z), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were evaluated on the germination and root growth of ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings. Seeds were soaked for 10 hours in hormonal solutions and water (hydro-priming). Seed germination improved with Eth (30 and 100 μ m ), Eth (100 μ m ) + IAA (10 μ m ), and IAA (3 μ m ) treatments. Root surface area (RSA) increased in response to Eth at 30 and 100 μ m , Eth + IAA, and 3 μ m IAA. Root length (RL) and root diameter (RD) were enhanced by 1 μ m t Z and 100 μ m ACC. Eth reduced RL and RD, whereas IAA showed no effects. A subsequent experiment evaluated synergistic effects of different PGRs. Treatment of seeds with ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m ) and ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m ) + Eth (20 μ m ) enhanced RL and RD. RSA was unaffected by ACC + t Z + Eth. The results suggest that exogenous PGRs could be useful to enhance germination, RL, and RSA of onion seedlings.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Eth (30 and 100 μm) improved onion seed germination.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae2 - Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- Eth (30 and 100 μ m )e1
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seed germination improved with Eth (30 and 100 μ m ), Eth (100 μ m ) + IAA (10 μ m ), and IAA (3 μ m ) treatments”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Eth (100 μm) + IAA (10 μm) improved onion seed germination.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- Eth (100 μ m ) + IAA (10 μ m )e1
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seed germination improved with Eth (30 and 100 μ m ), Eth (100 μ m ) + IAA (10 μ m ), and IAA (3 μ m ) treatments”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA (3 μm) improved onion seed germination.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- IAA (3 μ m )e1
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seed germination improved with Eth (30 and 100 μ m ), Eth (100 μ m ) + IAA (10 μ m ), and IAA (3 μ m ) treatments”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Eth (30 and 100 μm) increased root surface area of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- Eth at 30 and 100 μ me3
- Outcome
- Root surface area (RSA)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Root surface area (RSA) increased in response to Eth at 30 and 100 μ m , Eth + IAA, and 3 μ m IAA”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Eth + IAA increased root surface area of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- Eth + IAAe3
- Outcome
- Root surface area (RSA)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Root surface area (RSA) increased in response to Eth at 30 and 100 μ m , Eth + IAA, and 3 μ m IAA”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA (3 μm) increased root surface area of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- 3 μ m IAAe3
- Outcome
- Root surface area (RSA)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Root surface area (RSA) increased in response to Eth at 30 and 100 μ m , Eth + IAA, and 3 μ m IAA”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
1 μm tZ enhanced root length and root diameter of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- 1 μ m t Ze4
- Outcome
- Root length (RL) and root diameter (RD)e4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Root length (RL) and root diameter (RD) were enhanced by 1 μ m t Z and 100 μ m ACC”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
100 μm ACC enhanced root length and root diameter of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- 100 μ m ACCe4
- Outcome
- Root length (RL) and root diameter (RD)e4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Root length (RL) and root diameter (RD) were enhanced by 1 μ m t Z and 100 μ m ACC”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Eth reduced root length and root diameter of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- Ethe5
- Outcome
- RL and RDe5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Eth reduced RL and RD, whereas IAA showed no effects”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA had no effect on root length and root diameter of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- IAAe5
- Outcome
- RL and RDe5
- Direction
- no effectse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Eth reduced RL and RD, whereas IAA showed no effects”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC (250 μm) + tZ (0.5 μm) enhanced root length and root diameter of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m )e6
- Outcome
- RL and RDe6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Treatment of seeds with ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m ) and ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m ) + Eth (20 μ m ) enhanced RL and RD”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC (250 μm) + tZ (0.5 μm) + Eth (20 μm) enhanced root length and root diameter of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m ) + Eth (20 μ m )e6
- Outcome
- RL and RDe6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Treatment of seeds with ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m ) and ACC (250 μ m ) + t Z (0.5 μ m ) + Eth (20 μ m ) enhanced RL and RD”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC + tZ + Eth did not affect root surface area of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae2
- Material
- ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red)e2
- Treatment
- ACC + t Z + Ethe7
- Outcome
- RSAe7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“RSA was unaffected by ACC + t Z + Eth”
e2“‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous PGRs could be useful to enhance germination, root length and root surface area of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae4
- Treatment
- exogenous PGRse4
- Outcome
- enhance germination, RL, and RSAe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The results suggest that exogenous PGRs could be useful to enhance germination, RL, and RSA of onion seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.