Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is the most common fungal pathogen associated with maize ear rot in Tanzania. In a two-year trial, we investigated the efficacy of crop protection (insecticide and/or fungicide) and fertilizer (nitrogen and/or phosphorus) treatments in reducing the occurrence of F. verticillioides and its mycotoxins in maize grown in Tanzania. Seasonal differences were seen to have a substantial influence on the incidence and severity of insect infestation, Fusarium ear and kernel rot, biomass of F. verticillioides and contamination with fumonisins. With regard to the application of fertilizers, it was concluded that the impact on maize stalk borer injury, Fusarium symptoms and fumonisin levels was not significant, whereas crop protection significantly reduced maize damage. The application of an insecticide was most effective in reducing insect injury and as a result of the reduced insect injury the insecticide treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in Fusarium symptoms. In 2014, fumonisin levels were also significantly lower in maize treated with an insecticide. Additionally, significant positive correlations between insect damage and Fusarium symptoms were observed. In conclusion, this study clearly shows that application of an insecticide alone or in combination with a fungicide at anthesis significantly reduces insect damage and consequently reduces F. verticillioides infection and associated fumonisin contamination.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Season affected insect infestation and Fusarium disease and fumonisin contamination in maize.
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of insect infestation, Fusarium ear and kernel rot, biomass of F. verticillioides and contamination with fumonisinse0
- Setting
- Seasonal differencese0
Not reportedTaxonMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorDirectionValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal differences were seen to have a substantial influence on the incidence and severity of insect infestation, Fusarium ear and kernel rot, biomass of F. verticillioides and contamination with fumonisins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application did not significantly alter maize stalk borer injury.
Zea maysNot reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingDirectionValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With regard to the application of fertilizers, it was concluded that the impact on maize stalk borer injury, Fusarium symptoms and fumonisin levels was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application did not significantly alter Fusarium symptoms.
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingDirectionValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With regard to the application of fertilizers, it was concluded that the impact on maize stalk borer injury, Fusarium symptoms and fumonisin levels was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application did not significantly alter fumonisin levels.
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingDirectionValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With regard to the application of fertilizers, it was concluded that the impact on maize stalk borer injury, Fusarium symptoms and fumonisin levels was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop protection significantly reduced maize damage.
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop protection significantly reduced maize damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide was most effective in reducing maize insect injury.
Not reportedTaxonMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“The application of an insecticide was most effective in reducing insect injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide significantly decreased maize Fusarium symptoms.
Not reportedTaxonMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“the insecticide treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in Fusarium symptoms.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize treated with insecticide in 2014 had significantly lower fumonisin levels.
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2014, fumonisin levels were also significantly lower in maize treated with an insecticide.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect damage and Fusarium symptoms were positively correlated.
Not reportedTaxonMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSettingValue
Verbatim
e0“significant positive correlations between insect damage and Fusarium symptoms were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide alone or with fungicide at anthesis reduced insect damage and F. verticillioides infection and fumonisins.
- Treatment
- an insecticide alone or in combination with a fungicide at anthesise0
- Outcome
- insect damagee0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedTaxonMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Verbatim
e0“application of an insecticide alone or in combination with a fungicide at anthesis significantly reduces insect damage and consequently reduces F. verticillioides infection and associated fumonisin contamination.”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →insecticide · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →insecticide · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →fungicide · pest · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.