Abstract
This study investigated the regulatory role of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) in rice and its effects on toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during short-term salinity stress. SA application (0.5 and 1.0 mM) during salinity-induced stress (100 mM NaCl) resulted in significantly longer shoot length and higher chlorophyll and biomass accumulation than with salinity stress alone. NaCl-induced reactive oxygen species production led to increased levels of lipid peroxidation in rice plants, which were significantly reduced following SA application. A similar finding was observed for superoxide dismutase; however, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly reduced in rice plants treated with SA and NaCl alone and in combination. The relative mRNA expression of OsCATA and OsAPX1 was lower in rice plants during SA stress. Regarding nitrogenous species, S-nitrosothiol (SNO) was significantly reduced initially (one day after treatment [DAT]) but then increased in plants subjected to single or combined stress conditions. Genes related to SNO biosynthesis, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR1), NO synthase-like activity (NOA), and nitrite reductase (NIR) were also assessed. The mRNA expression of GSNOR1 was increased relative to that of the control, whereas OsNOA was expressed at higher levels in plants treated with SA and NaCl alone relative to the control. The mRNA expression of OsNR was decreased in plants subjected to single or combination treatment, except at 2 DAT, compared to the control. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that SA can regulate the generation of NaCl-induced oxygen and nitrogen reactive species in rice plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
SA application (0.5 and 1.0 mM) during 100 mM NaCl stress significantly increased shoot length, chlorophyll and biomass accumulation in rice compared with salinity stress alone.
- Taxon
- rice plants
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- SA application (0.5 and 1.0 mM)e0
- Outcome
- longer shoot length and higher chlorophyll and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- salinity stress alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA application (0.5 and 1.0 mM) during salinity-induced stress (100 mM NaCl) resulted in significantly longer shoot length and higher chlorophyll and biomass accumulation than with salinity stress alone”
t0“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-induced reactive oxygen species production led to increased lipid peroxidation in rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NaCl-induced reactive oxygen species productione0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl-induced reactive oxygen species production led to increased levels of lipid peroxidation in rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The NaCl-induced increase in lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced following SA application.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- levels of lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl-induced reactive oxygen species production led to increased levels of lipid peroxidation in rice plants, which were significantly reduced following SA application”
Claim · model-written summary
A similar finding, a reduction following SA application, was observed for superoxide dismutase.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SA applicatione0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which were significantly reduced following SA application. A similar finding was observed for superoxide dismutase”
t0“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly reduced in rice plants treated with SA and NaCl alone and in combination.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SA and NaCl alone and in combinatione0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly reduced in rice plants treated with SA and NaCl alone and in combination”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative mRNA expression of OsCATA and OsAPX1 was lower in rice plants during SA stress.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SA stresse0
- Gene
- OsCATA and OsAPX1e0
- Outcome
- relative mRNA expressione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative mRNA expression of OsCATA and OsAPX1 was lower in rice plants during SA stress”
Claim · model-written summary
S-nitrosothiol (SNO) was significantly reduced initially, one day after treatment, in rice plants subjected to single or combined stress.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- single or combined stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- S-nitrosothiol (SNO)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- initially (one day after treatment [DAT])e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S-nitrosothiol (SNO) was significantly reduced initially (one day after treatment [DAT]) but then increased in plants subjected to single or combined stress conditions”
t0“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
S-nitrosothiol (SNO) later increased in rice plants subjected to single or combined stress.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- single or combined stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- S-nitrosothiol (SNO)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- thene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S-nitrosothiol (SNO) was significantly reduced initially (one day after treatment [DAT]) but then increased in plants subjected to single or combined stress conditions”
t0“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The mRNA expression of GSNOR1 was increased relative to the control.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Gene
- GSNOR1e0
- Outcome
- mRNA expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mRNA expression of GSNOR1 was increased relative to that of the control”
t0“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNOA was expressed at higher levels in rice plants treated with SA and NaCl alone relative to the control.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SA and NaCl alonee0
- Gene
- OsNOAe0
- Outcome
- expressede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsNOA was expressed at higher levels in plants treated with SA and NaCl alone relative to the control”
t0“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The mRNA expression of OsNR was decreased in rice plants subjected to single or combination treatment compared with the control, except at 2 DAT.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- single or combination treatmente0
- Gene
- OsNRe0
- Outcome
- mRNA expressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except at 2 DATe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mRNA expression of OsNR was decreased in plants subjected to single or combination treatment, except at 2 DAT, compared to the control”
t0“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that SA can regulate the generation of NaCl-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- generation of NaCl-induced oxygen and nitrogen reactive speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA can regulate the generation of NaCl-induced oxygen and nitrogen reactive species in rice plants”
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