Abstract
Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to investigate the influence of 220 g ai ha –1 AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha -4 glufosinate, 560 g ai ha –1 glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha –1 paraquat applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 soybean growth stages as harvest-aid treatments on soybean seed quality. Soybean yield was severely reduced by all herbicides applied at R5. Only paraquat and glufosinate reduced soybean yield when applied at R6, and none of the herbicides reduced yield when applied at R7 or R8. Paraquat and glufosinate reduced seed weight when applied at RS and R6. Glyphosate and AC 263,222 reduced seed germination when applied at RS, R6, and R7 growth stages, and normal seedling percentages were also reduced by glyphosate at these growth stages. Glufosinate and AC 263,222 affected normal seedlings only at R5 and R6. Soybean hypocotyl and primary root lengths were reduced by glyphosate and AC 263,222 applications at R5 and R6, whereas glufosinate and paraquat did not affect these variables. Glyphosate applied at R5 reduced shoot weight in 1-mo-old soybean plants. No effects were observed on soybean yield, seed germination or seedling development when herbicides were applied at R8.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides severely reduced soybean yield at R5.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- all herbicides applied at R5e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was severely reduced by all herbicides applied at R5”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat reduced soybean yield at R6.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only paraquat and glufosinate reduced soybean yield when applied at R6”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate reduced soybean yield at R6.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only paraquat and glufosinate reduced soybean yield when applied at R6”
Claim · model-written summary
No tested herbicide reduced yield at R7 or R8.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of the herbicides reduced yield when applied at R7 or R8”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat reduced soybean seed weight at RS and R6.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Paraquate0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- RS and R6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat and glufosinate reduced seed weight when applied at RS and R6”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate reduced soybean seed weight at RS and R6.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- RS and R6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat and glufosinate reduced seed weight when applied at RS and R6”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced germination at RS, R6 and R7.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- RS, R6, and R7 growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate and AC 263,222 reduced seed germination when applied at RS, R6, and R7 growth stages”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 reduced germination at RS, R6 and R7.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- RS, R6, and R7 growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate and AC 263,222 reduced seed germination when applied at RS, R6, and R7 growth stages”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced normal seedling percentage at these stages.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- normal seedling percentagese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- these growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“normal seedling percentages were also reduced by glyphosate at these growth stages”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate affected normal seedlings only at R5 and R6.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- normal seedlingse0
- Qualifier
- R5 and R6e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate and AC 263,222 affected normal seedlings only at R5 and R6”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 affected normal seedlings only at R5 and R6.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Outcome
- normal seedlingse0
- Qualifier
- R5 and R6e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate and AC 263,222 affected normal seedlings only at R5 and R6”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced hypocotyl and primary root lengths at R5 and R6.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl and primary root lengthse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- R5 and R6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean hypocotyl and primary root lengths were reduced by glyphosate and AC 263,222 applications at R5 and R6”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 reduced hypocotyl and primary root lengths at R5 and R6.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl and primary root lengthse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- R5 and R6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean hypocotyl and primary root lengths were reduced by glyphosate and AC 263,222 applications at R5 and R6”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate did not affect hypocotyl or primary root length.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- these variablese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glufosinate and paraquat did not affect these variables”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat did not affect hypocotyl or primary root length.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- these variablese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glufosinate and paraquat did not affect these variables”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at R5 reduced shoot weight in one-month-old soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- 1-mo-olde0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied at R5e0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied at R5 reduced shoot weight in 1-mo-old soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides at R8 produced no observed effect on yield, germination or seedling development.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- herbicides were applied at R8e0
- Outcome
- yield, seed germination or seedling developmente0
- Direction
- No effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effects were observed on soybean yield, seed germination or seedling development when herbicides were applied at R8”
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