Abstract
When a rice kernel fissures, it can break in subsequent food processing operations and lose its commercial value. Head rice yield (HRY) is a measure of the percent of kernels that remain whole (at least three-fourths of original length) after rice has been milled. Our experiment was designed to test the effect of a rapid state transition during drying and tempering processes using cultivars Bengal and Cypress. ‘Bengal’ is a medium-size kernel and ‘Cypress’ is a long-size, thinner grained cultivar. Immediately after drying, the rice samples were separated into four sub-samples and tempered for 0, 80, 160, or 240 minutes at the temperature of the drying air. Tempering is a process to allow kernel moisture content gradients to decrease, thereby reducing the stress within the kernel. From each sample, 400 kernels were randomly selected, visually observed, and the percentage of fissured kernels determined. Results showed that the percentage of fissured kernels generally decreased with tempering. However, some samples still showed many fissures even after extended tempering, yet had a high HRY. While HRY is currently the primary index of rice quality, it is known that fissured kernels can severely and detrimentally affect end-use processing operations such as cooking or puffing. Thus, the tempering duration required for preventing kernel fissuring might be longer than the tempering duration required for maintaining a high HRY.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of fissured rice kernels generally decreased with tempering
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Bengal and Cypresse1
- Organ / stage
- kernelse2
- Treatment
- temperinge2
- Outcome
- percentage of fissured kernelse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a rice kernel fissures, it can break in subsequent food processing operations and lose its commercial value”
e1“Our experiment was designed to test the effect of a rapid state transition during drying and tempering processes using cultivars Bengal and Cypress”
e2“Results showed that the percentage of fissured kernels generally decreased with tempering”
Claim · model-written summary
Some rice samples still showed many fissures even after extended tempering
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- extended temperinge3
- Outcome
- many fissurese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a rice kernel fissures, it can break in subsequent food processing operations and lose its commercial value”
e3“However, some samples still showed many fissures even after extended tempering, yet had a high HRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Some rice samples with many fissures after extended tempering still had a high HRY
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- extended temperinge3
- Outcome
- high HRYe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a rice kernel fissures, it can break in subsequent food processing operations and lose its commercial value”
e3“However, some samples still showed many fissures even after extended tempering, yet had a high HRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Tempering duration required to prevent kernel fissuring might be longer than that required to maintain a high HRY
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- tempering duration required for preventing kernel fissuringe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a rice kernel fissures, it can break in subsequent food processing operations and lose its commercial value”
e4“Thus, the tempering duration required for preventing kernel fissuring might be longer than the tempering duration required for maintaining a high HRY”