Abstract
Plant defense against herbivores is modulated by herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) from oral secretions (OS) and/or saliva of insects. Furthermore, feeding wounds initiate plant self-damage responses modulated by danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as immune defense-promoting plant elicitor peptides (Peps). While temporal and spatial co-existence of both patterns during herbivory implies a possibility of their close interaction, the molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Here we report that exogenous application of rice (Oryza sativa) peptides (OsPeps) can elicit multiple defense responses in rice cell cultures. Specific activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcripts in rice leaves by wounding and OS treatments further suggests a possible involvement of the OsPep3 peptide in rice-herbivore interactions. Correspondingly, we found that simultaneous application of OsPep3 and Mythimna loreyi OS significantly amplifies an array of defense responses in rice cells, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and generation of defense-related hormones and metabolites. The induction of OsPROPEP3/4 by OsPep3 points to a positive auto-feedback loop in OsPep signaling which may contribute to additional enhancement of defense signal(s). Finally, the overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1 increases the sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPeps but also to OS signals. Our findings collectively suggest that HAMP-DAMP signal integration provides a critical step in the amplification of defense signaling in plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Applied OsPeps elicited multiple defense responses in rice cell cultures.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- rice cell culturese0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of rice (Oryza sativa) peptides (OsPeps)e0
- Outcome
- multiple defense responsese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of rice (Oryza sativa) peptides (OsPeps) can elicit multiple defense responses in rice cell cultures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding activated OsPROPEP3 transcripts in rice leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice leavese0
- Treatment
- woundinge0
- Gene
- OsPROPEP3e0
- Outcome
- activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcriptse0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Specific activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcripts in rice leaves by wounding and OS treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Oral secretion treatment activated OsPROPEP3 transcripts in rice leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice leavese0
- Treatment
- OS treatmentse0
- Gene
- OsPROPEP3e0
- Outcome
- activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcriptse0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Specific activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcripts in rice leaves by wounding and OS treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined OsPep3 and Mythimna loreyi oral secretions significantly amplified kinase activation and production of defense hormones and metabolites in rice cells.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- simultaneous application of OsPep3 and Mythimna loreyi OSe0
- Interactor
- Mythimna loreyi
Mythimna loreyie0herbivore - Outcome
- mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and generation of defense-related hormones and metabolitese0
- Direction
- amplifiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simultaneous application of OsPep3 and Mythimna loreyi OS significantly amplifies an array of defense responses in rice cells, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and generation of defense-related hormones and metabolites.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPep3 induced OsPROPEP3/4, suggesting positive feedback in rice defense signaling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsPROPEP3/4e0
- Outcome
- induction of OsPROPEP3/4e0
- Qualifier
- positive auto-feedback loop in OsPep signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The induction of OsPROPEP3/4 by OsPep3 points to a positive auto-feedback loop in OsPep signaling which may contribute to additional enhancement of defense signal(s).”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPEPR1 overexpression increased rice plant sensitivity to OsPeps.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1e0
- Gene
- OsPEPR1e0
- Outcome
- sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPepse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1 increases the sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPeps but also to OS signals.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPEPR1 overexpression increased rice plant sensitivity to oral secretion signals.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1e0
- Gene
- OsPEPR1e0
- Outcome
- sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPeps but also to OS signalse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1 increases the sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPeps but also to OS signals.”
The same questions in other papers
mechanical · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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