Abstract
Study on the soil nutrient status and crop productivity under continuous use of inorganic fertilizers and amendments in an acid Alfisol after 36 years (1972-73 to 2008-09) was carried out at Palampur, HP. Results showed that application of Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (120:60:40 kg/ha to maize and 120:60:30 kg/ha to wheat) with 10 t farmyard manure/ha applied once a year for 36 years resulted in 786 and 515 per cent increase in maize and wheat yields, respectively over control. Soil acidity rose from 5.8 to 4.58 with the application of fertilizers over 36 years. Conjoint use of FYM with 100 per cent NPK substantially improved the Organic Carbon status by 4.95 g/kg as well as available P, K and S by 154.1, 14.5 and 12.5 kg/ha, respectively in soil over its initial values, thereby indicating significant contribution towards sustaining the soil health. On the other hand, there was a drastic decline in the available N status of soil in all the treatments as compared to the initial value. The various root parameters viz., root mass density (4.08 kg m-3), root volume density (10.84 m3 m-3x10-3), root length density (2.60 m m-3 x 10-4), root surface area (204.12 m2 x 10-4) and root cation exchange capacity (8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1) were found to be highest in the plots with the application of 100% NPK + FYM. Thus, balanced use of fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with amendments is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended fertilizer dose with 10 t FYM for 36 years raised maize yield 786% over control.
- Treatment
- Recommended Dose of Fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 786e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- Palampur, HPe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e1“application of Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (120:60:40 kg/ha to maize and 120:60:30 kg/ha to wheat) with 10 t farmyard manure/ha applied once a year for 36 years resulted in 786 and 515 per cent increase in maize and wheat yields, respectively over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended fertilizer dose with 10 t FYM for 36 years raised wheat yield 515% over control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Recommended Dose of Fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 515e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- Palampur, HPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e1“application of Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (120:60:40 kg/ha to maize and 120:60:30 kg/ha to wheat) with 10 t farmyard manure/ha applied once a year for 36 years resulted in 786 and 515 per cent increase in maize and wheat yields, respectively over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil acidity rose from 5.8 to 4.58 under fertilizer application over 36 years.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e3“Soil acidity rose from 5.8 to 4.58 with the application of fertilizers over 36 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK improved soil organic carbon by 4.95 g/kg over initial values.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e4“Conjoint use of FYM with 100 per cent NPK substantially improved the Organic Carbon status by 4.95 g/kg as well as available P, K and S by 154.1, 14.5 and 12.5 kg/ha, respectively in soil over its initial values”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK improved available P by 154.1 kg/ha over initial values.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e4“Conjoint use of FYM with 100 per cent NPK substantially improved the Organic Carbon status by 4.95 g/kg as well as available P, K and S by 154.1, 14.5 and 12.5 kg/ha, respectively in soil over its initial values”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK improved available K by 14.5 kg/ha over initial values.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e4“Conjoint use of FYM with 100 per cent NPK substantially improved the Organic Carbon status by 4.95 g/kg as well as available P, K and S by 154.1, 14.5 and 12.5 kg/ha, respectively in soil over its initial values”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK improved available S by 12.5 kg/ha over initial values.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e4“Conjoint use of FYM with 100 per cent NPK substantially improved the Organic Carbon status by 4.95 g/kg as well as available P, K and S by 154.1, 14.5 and 12.5 kg/ha, respectively in soil over its initial values”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil N declined drastically in all treatments compared with the initial value.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e7“there was a drastic decline in the available N status of soil in all the treatments as compared to the initial value”
Claim · model-written summary
Root mass density was highest with 100% NPK + FYM.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + FYMe7
- Outcome
- root mass densitye7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 4.08 kg m-3e7
- Setting
- Palampur, HPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e7“The various root parameters viz., root mass density (4.08 kg m-3), root volume density (10.84 m3 m-3x10-3), root length density (2.60 m m-3 x 10-4), root surface area (204.12 m2 x 10-4) and root cation exchange capacity (8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1) were found to be highest in the plots with the application of 100% NPK + FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Root volume density was highest with 100% NPK + FYM.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + FYMe7
- Outcome
- root volume densitye7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 10.84 m3 m-3x10-3e7
- Setting
- Palampur, HPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e7“The various root parameters viz., root mass density (4.08 kg m-3), root volume density (10.84 m3 m-3x10-3), root length density (2.60 m m-3 x 10-4), root surface area (204.12 m2 x 10-4) and root cation exchange capacity (8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1) were found to be highest in the plots with the application of 100% NPK + FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length density was highest with 100% NPK + FYM.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + FYMe7
- Outcome
- root length densitye7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 2.60 m m-3 x 10-4e7
- Setting
- Palampur, HPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e7“The various root parameters viz., root mass density (4.08 kg m-3), root volume density (10.84 m3 m-3x10-3), root length density (2.60 m m-3 x 10-4), root surface area (204.12 m2 x 10-4) and root cation exchange capacity (8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1) were found to be highest in the plots with the application of 100% NPK + FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Root surface area was highest with 100% NPK + FYM.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + FYMe7
- Outcome
- root surface areae7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 204.12 m2 x 10-4e7
- Setting
- Palampur, HPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e7“The various root parameters viz., root mass density (4.08 kg m-3), root volume density (10.84 m3 m-3x10-3), root length density (2.60 m m-3 x 10-4), root surface area (204.12 m2 x 10-4) and root cation exchange capacity (8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1) were found to be highest in the plots with the application of 100% NPK + FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Root cation exchange capacity was highest with 100% NPK + FYM.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + FYMe7
- Outcome
- root cation exchange capacitye7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1e7
- Setting
- Palampur, HPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e0“was carried out at Palampur, HP”
e7“The various root parameters viz., root mass density (4.08 kg m-3), root volume density (10.84 m3 m-3x10-3), root length density (2.60 m m-3 x 10-4), root surface area (204.12 m2 x 10-4) and root cation exchange capacity (8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1) were found to be highest in the plots with the application of 100% NPK + FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced fertilizer use, alone or with amendments, is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.
Verbatim
t0“maize-wheat intensive cropping”
e7“Thus, balanced use of fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with amendments is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops”
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