Abstract
Decades ago, Fluridone was formulated to control aquatic weeds. Recently, Fluridone is used in manipulating plant physiological processes, and also as terrestrial herbicides. Fluridone may enter the soil through different pathways; but its persistence in soils is not clearly understood, especially following a prolonged dry period. Bioassays using responsive plants species are useful in assessing carryover effects of herbicides. Fluridone (three applications of 100 ml of 30 µmol solution each) and No Fluridone control were subjected to 30 days of wet and dry cycles, followed by 77 days of dry periods, and thereafter planted with maize (variety Oba Super 6), i.e., after rewetting the soils. Height and chlorophyll measurements were done on the maize seedlings at 5 DAP and 10 DAP. The morphology of the seedlings was observed throughout the duration of the bioassay study. The shoots of the maize seedlings were harvested at 10 DAP, roots sampled by washing off the soil, and both shoot and roots were oven dried to constant weight. Seedling heights did not differ, but seedlings growth rate from 5th to 10th DAP declined drastically as compared to the period before 5 DAP. Leaf chlorophyll at 10 DAP was significantly reduced in seedlings growing in SA treatments. The leaves of seedlings growing in SA treatment began to whiten by 6th DAP and the bleaching effect progressed up to 10 DAP, apparently manifesting the reduced chlorophyll content. The shoot dry matter contents, root dry weight and shoot:root of the maize seedlings varied significantly (P<0.05) with treatment. This study showed that despite prolonged soil drying preceded by wetting and drying cycles, Fluridone persisted in soil with carryover effects on maize. Therefore, Fluridone is not recommended for soil application in the humid tropics due to its potential to persist in the soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling heights did not differ.
Zea maysNot reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling heights did not differ”
e1“planted with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth rate declined from days 5 to 10 relative to before day 5.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings growth rate from 5th to 10th DAP declined drastically as compared to the period before 5 DAP.”
e1“planted with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll at 10 DAP was significantly reduced in SA treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll at 10 DAP was significantly reduced in seedlings growing in SA treatments.”
e1“planted with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves in SA treatment whitened from day 6 through day 10.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of seedlings growing in SA treatment began to whiten by 6th DAP and the bleaching effect progressed up to 10 DAP”
e1“planted with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
shoot dry matter contents varied significantly with treatment.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot dry matter contents, root dry weight and shoot:root of the maize seedlings varied significantly (P<0.05) with treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
root dry weight varied significantly with treatment.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot dry matter contents, root dry weight and shoot:root of the maize seedlings varied significantly (P<0.05) with treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
shoot:root varied significantly with treatment.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot dry matter contents, root dry weight and shoot:root of the maize seedlings varied significantly (P<0.05) with treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against soil application of fluridone in the humid tropics.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluridone is not recommended for soil application in the humid tropics due to its potential to persist in the soils.”
e1“planted with maize”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.