Abstract
The study was conducted to assess efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens against damping off in tomato and brinjal seedlings during Kharif season. The investigation was performed as on farm trials on farmers' field over three years viz., 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were applied in combination of soil+seed treatment. Talc based formulation of both bio control agents were used @ 10 g kg -1 in seed treatment and 100 g m -2 in soil treatment. Results indicated that the combination of soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum was gives maximum seedling stands (84.15%) with minimum mortality (15.85%) in brinjal followed by soil+seed treatment with mixture of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens (78.30%) and soil+seed treatment with P. fluorescens alone (69.68%) whereas, in control plot treated with Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed) recorded less seedling stand (41.50%). In case of tomato, application of T. harzianum as soil+seed gave the maximum seedling stand (80.32%) followed by soil+seed treatment with combination of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens (73.45%) and P. fluorescens alone (58.64%) while seed+soil treatment with Carbendazim 50 WP given minimum seedling stand (42.01%). Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the growth and yield attributes of brinjal and tomato crops i.e. plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of fruit plant -1 and fruit yield ha -1 followed by along Trichoderma and Pseudomonas. The study showed that T. harzianum and P. fluorescens are the potential bio control agents as compare to Carbendazim 50 WP and can be used effectively for the management of damping off in seedlings in nursery.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
In brinjal, soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum gave the maximum seedling stand (84.15%), above the Carbendazim 50 WP control.
- Taxon
- brinjal
Solanum melongenae1 - Treatment
- soil+seed treatment with T. harzianume1
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- seedling standse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 84.15%e1
- Comparator
- Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“combination of soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum was gives maximum seedling stands (84.15%) with minimum mortality (15.85%) in brinjal”
e2“in control plot treated with Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed) recorded less seedling stand (41.50%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In brinjal, soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum gave the minimum seedling mortality (15.85%), below the Carbendazim 50 WP control.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- soil+seed treatment with T. harzianume1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 15.85%e1
- Comparator
- Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“combination of soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum was gives maximum seedling stands (84.15%) with minimum mortality (15.85%) in brinjal”
e2“in control plot treated with Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed) recorded less seedling stand (41.50%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In brinjal, soil+seed treatment with a mixture of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens gave a seedling stand of 78.30%, higher than the Carbendazim 50 WP control.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- soil+seed treatment with mixture of T. harzianum and P. fluorescense3
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- seedling stande2
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 78.30%e3
- Comparator
- Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“combination of soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum was gives maximum seedling stands (84.15%) with minimum mortality (15.85%) in brinjal”
e2“in control plot treated with Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed) recorded less seedling stand (41.50%)”
e3“soil+seed treatment with mixture of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens (78.30%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In brinjal, soil+seed treatment with P. fluorescens alone gave a seedling stand of 69.68%, higher than the Carbendazim 50 WP control.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- soil+seed treatment with P. fluorescens alonee4
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seedling stande2
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 69.68%e4
- Comparator
- Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“combination of soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum was gives maximum seedling stands (84.15%) with minimum mortality (15.85%) in brinjal”
e2“in control plot treated with Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed) recorded less seedling stand (41.50%)”
e4“soil+seed treatment with P. fluorescens alone (69.68%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Carbendazim 50 WP soil+seed control in brinjal recorded a seedling stand of 41.50%, less than the bio-agent treatments.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed)e2
- Outcome
- seedling stande2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Value
- 41.50%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“combination of soil+seed treatment with T. harzianum was gives maximum seedling stands (84.15%) with minimum mortality (15.85%) in brinjal”
e2“in control plot treated with Carbendazim 50 WP (soil+seed) recorded less seedling stand (41.50%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, application of T. harzianum as soil+seed gave the maximum seedling stand (80.32%), above the Carbendazim 50 WP control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume5 - Treatment
- application of T. harzianum as soil+seede5
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seedling stande5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 80.32%e5
- Comparator
- Carbendazim 50 WPe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In case of tomato, application of T. harzianum as soil+seed gave the maximum seedling stand (80.32%)”
e7“seed+soil treatment with Carbendazim 50 WP given minimum seedling stand (42.01%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, soil+seed treatment with a combination of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens gave a seedling stand of 73.45%, higher than the Carbendazim 50 WP control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- soil+seed treatment with combination of T. harzianum and P. fluorescense6
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume6biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seedling stande5
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 73.45%e6
- Comparator
- Carbendazim 50 WPe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In case of tomato, application of T. harzianum as soil+seed gave the maximum seedling stand (80.32%)”
e6“soil+seed treatment with combination of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens (73.45%)”
e7“seed+soil treatment with Carbendazim 50 WP given minimum seedling stand (42.01%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, P. fluorescens alone gave a seedling stand of 58.64%, higher than the Carbendazim 50 WP control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens alonee6
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seedling stande5
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 58.64%e6
- Comparator
- Carbendazim 50 WPe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In case of tomato, application of T. harzianum as soil+seed gave the maximum seedling stand (80.32%)”
e7“seed+soil treatment with Carbendazim 50 WP given minimum seedling stand (42.01%)”
e6“P. fluorescens alone (58.64%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Carbendazim 50 WP seed+soil control in tomato gave the minimum seedling stand (42.01%).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- seed+soil treatment with Carbendazim 50 WPe7
- Outcome
- seedling stande7
- Direction
- minimume7
- Value
- 42.01%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In case of tomato, application of T. harzianum as soil+seed gave the maximum seedling stand (80.32%)”
e7“seed+soil treatment with Carbendazim 50 WP given minimum seedling stand (42.01%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the growth attributes (plant height, branches and fruits per plant) of brinjal.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of fruit plant -1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the growth and yield attributes of brinjal and tomato crops i.e. plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of fruit plant -1 and fruit yield ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the fruit yield (ha-1) of brinjal.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit yield ha -1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the growth and yield attributes of brinjal and tomato crops i.e. plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of fruit plant -1 and fruit yield ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the growth attributes (plant height, branches and fruits per plant) of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of fruit plant -1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the growth and yield attributes of brinjal and tomato crops i.e. plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of fruit plant -1 and fruit yield ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the fruit yield (ha-1) of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit yield ha -1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consortium of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens significantly increased the growth and yield attributes of brinjal and tomato crops i.e. plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of fruit plant -1 and fruit yield ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend T. harzianum and P. fluorescens for managing damping off in nursery seedlings of tomato and brinjal.
- Taxon
- tomato and brinjalSolanum lycopersicumSolanum melongenae1
- Outcome
- management of damping offe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can be used effectively for the management of damping off in seedlings in nursery”
e1“damping off in tomato and brinjal seedlings”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.