Abstract
One critical challenge facing the world is the need to satisfy the food requirements of the dramatically growing population. Drought stress is one of the main limiting factors in the wheat-producing regions; therefore, wheat yield stability is a major objective of wheat-breeding programs in Jordan, which experience fluctuating climatic conditions in the context of global climate change. In the current study, a two-year field experiment was conducted for exploring the effect of four different water regimes on the yield, yield components, and stability of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars as related to Canopy Temperature Depression (CTD), and Chlorophyll Content (measured by Soil-Plant Analysis Development, SPAD). A split plot design was used in this experiment with four replicates. Water treatment was applied as the main factor: with and without supplemental irrigation; 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of field capacity were applied. Two durum wheat cultivars and one bread wheat cultivar were split over irrigation treatments as a sub factor. In both growing seasons, supplemental irrigation showed a significant increase in grain yield compared to the rain-fed conditions. This increase in grain yield was due to the significantly positive effect of water availability on yield components. Values of CTD, SPAD, harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased significantly with an increase in soil moisture and highly correlated with grain yield. Ammon variety produced the highest grain yield across the four water regimes used in this study. This variety was characterized by the least thermal time to maturity and the highest values of CTD and SPAD. It was concluded that Ammon had the highest stability among the cultivars tested. Furthermore, CTD and SPAD can be used as important selection parameters in breeding programs in Jordan to assist in developing high-yielding genotypes under drought and heat stress conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation significantly increased wheat grain yield versus rain fed conditions in both seasons.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- both growing seasonse0
- Comparator
- rain-fed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both growing seasons, supplemental irrigation showed a significant increase in grain yield compared to the rain-fed conditions.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater water availability significantly improved yield components.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- water availabilitye0
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly positive effect of water availability on yield components.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy temperature depression rose significantly with soil moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- CTDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- soil moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of CTD, SPAD, harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased significantly with an increase in soil moisture and highly correlated with grain yield.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll SPAD rose significantly with soil moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- SPADe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- soil moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of CTD, SPAD, harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased significantly with an increase in soil moisture and highly correlated with grain yield.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index rose significantly with soil moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- soil moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of CTD, SPAD, harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased significantly with an increase in soil moisture and highly correlated with grain yield.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency rose significantly with soil moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- soil moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of CTD, SPAD, harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased significantly with an increase in soil moisture and highly correlated with grain yield.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy temperature depression, SPAD, harvest index and WUE were strongly correlated with grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- highly correlatede0
- Comparator
- CTD, SPAD, harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE)e0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of CTD, SPAD, harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased significantly with an increase in soil moisture and highly correlated with grain yield.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammon had the highest grain yield across four water regimes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Ammone0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- four water regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammon variety produced the highest grain yield across the four water regimes used in this study.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammon had the shortest thermal time to maturity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Ammone1
- Outcome
- thermal time to maturitye0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This variety was characterized by the least thermal time to maturity and the highest values of CTD and SPAD.”
e1“Ammon variety”
e2“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammon had the highest CTD and SPAD values.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Ammone1
- Outcome
- CTD and SPADe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This variety was characterized by the least thermal time to maturity and the highest values of CTD and SPAD.”
e1“Ammon variety”
e2“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammon was concluded to have the highest stability among tested cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Ammone0
- Outcome
- stabilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- cultivars testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was concluded that Ammon had the highest stability among the cultivars tested.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose CTD and SPAD as selection parameters for high yielding drought and heat tolerant wheat in Jordan.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- CTD and SPAD can be used as important selection parameterse0
- Setting
- Jordane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CTD and SPAD can be used as important selection parameters in breeding programs in Jordan to assist in developing high-yielding genotypes under drought and heat stress conditions.”
e1“three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; T. durum Desf.) Jordanian cultivars”
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