Abstract
Understanding the symbiotic performance of rhizobia and responses of plant root systems to mineral nutrient supply will facilitate the development of strategies to enhance effective rhizobia-legume symbioses. Interactive effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) on the symbiotic performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, nodulation, root architecture and the N concentration in plant tissue under hydroponic conditions were studied. Plant growth was significantly higher under a high N supply combined with Mg (HNHMg) than in combination with P (HNHP), which was attributed to the interaction between N and Mg ions. The plants grown at a low N concentration combined with either high or low P or Mg (LNHP, LNHMg, LNLP, and LNLMg) showed a higher nodule dry weight compared to those grown under a high N supply. We observed that the N content in the roots and shoots of soybean plants was significantly lower under LNHP or LNLP, but it was higher under HNHMg or LNHMg, indicating that Mg promotes N acquisition by the plant tissues. Neither root nor shoot growth responded significantly to P availability regardless of the N supply. We observed significant positive relationships between the number of nodules, the N content in plant tissues and the root system architecture of soybean plants grown with a variable supply of Mg combined with N, which highlights the importance of N and Mg availability in the growth medium in regulating root system architecture and nodule formation. The number of rhizobial cells colonizing soybean roots was highest under the HNHMg treatment (6.78 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip), followed by the HNLMg (4.72 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip) and LNHMg (4.10 × 104 CFU/cm of root tip) treatments, and lowest under the LNLMg (1.84 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip) nutrient conditions. The results of this study contribute to new insights for the improvement of the root system and the symbiotic performance of rhizobia inoculated on legumes, stressing the importance of a balanced supply of nutrients.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High N with Mg produced more plant growth than high N with P.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- high N supply combined with Mg (HNHMg)e0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont - Outcome
- Plant growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- combination with P (HNHP)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth was significantly higher under a high N supply combined with Mg (HNHMg) than in combination with P (HNHP)”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Growth and Root Architecture of Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N treatments with varied P or Mg had greater nodule dry weight than high N supply.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low N concentration combined with either high or low P or Mg (LNHP, LNHMg, LNLP, and LNLMg)e0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- high N supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants grown at a low N concentration combined with either high or low P or Mg (LNHP, LNHMg, LNLP, and LNLMg) showed a higher nodule dry weight compared to those grown under a high N supply.”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Growth and Root Architecture of Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot N content was significantly lower under LNHP or LNLP.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- LNHP or LNLPe0
- Outcome
- N content in the roots and shootse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N content in the roots and shoots of soybean plants was significantly lower under LNHP or LNLP”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot N content was higher under HNHMg or LNHMg.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- HNHMg or LNHMge0
- Outcome
- N content in the roots and shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N content in the roots and shoots of soybean plants was significantly lower under LNHP or LNLP, but it was higher under HNHMg or LNHMg”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot growth showed no significant response to P availability.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P availabilitye0
- Outcome
- root nor shoot growthe0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the N supplye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither root nor shoot growth responded significantly to P availability regardless of the N supply.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule number, plant tissue N, and root architecture had significant positive relationships under varying Mg and N.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- variable supply of Mg combined with Ne0
- Outcome
- number of nodules, the N content in plant tissues and the root system architecturee0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant positive relationships between the number of nodules, the N content in plant tissues and the root system architecture of soybean plants grown with a variable supply of Mg combined with N”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial root colonization was highest under HNHMg at 6.78 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- HNHMge0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of rhizobial cells colonizing soybean rootse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.78 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of rhizobial cells colonizing soybean roots was highest under the HNHMg treatment (6.78 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip)”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial root colonization under HNLMg was 4.72 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- HNLMge0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizobial cells colonizing soybean rootse0
- Value
- 4.72 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of rhizobial cells colonizing soybean roots was highest under the HNHMg treatment (6.78 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip), followed by the HNLMg (4.72 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip)”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial root colonization under LNHMg was 4.10 × 104 CFU/cm of root tip.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- LNHMge0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizobial cells colonizing soybean rootse0
- Value
- 4.10 × 104 CFU/cm of root tipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of rhizobial cells colonizing soybean roots was highest under the HNHMg treatment (6.78 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip), followed by the HNLMg (4.72 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip) and LNHMg (4.10 × 104 CFU/cm of root tip)”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial root colonization was lowest under LNLMg at 1.84 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- LNLMge0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizobial cells colonizing soybean rootse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.84 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of rhizobial cells colonizing soybean roots was highest under the HNHMg treatment (6.78 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip), followed by the HNLMg (4.72 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip) and LNHMg (4.10 × 104 CFU/cm of root tip) treatments, and lowest under the LNLMg (1.84 × 104 CFUs/cm of root tip) nutrient conditions.”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
The same questions in other papers
magnesium atom · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →nitrogen · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
72 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
90 papers more in this group
See all 94 papers →phosphorus · Bradyrhizobium japonicum · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
nitrogen · Bradyrhizobium japonicum · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.