Abstract
The major reasons of fluctuating cost and availability of pulses are climatic abnormalities in India. The climatic abnormalities are more vulnerable on pulse crops compared with oilseeds and cereals. A study was conducted on climatic change abnormalities impact on area and productivity after 3 decades of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states of Central India and mitigation technology on yield and benefits of black gram. Absolute and relative changes in average area was slightly increased by 49.2% against base years (1980 to 83) area (532.6 thousand ha), while productivity increased by 40.3% compared with base year yield (217.7 kg/ha). Study showed significant variability in area (CV=17.7%) and productivity (CV=13.8%) of black gram of Central India. The maximum absolute and relative increased in area was 139.1 thousand ha and 146.5% of Malwa plateau, whereas absolute and relative changes decreased in area of Chhattisgarh plain (-13.1 thousand ha) and Bastar plateau (-19.2%) compared with base years, respectively. Maximum absolute and relative change in increase in productivity of Vindhyan plateau was 285.6 kg/ha and 102.8% compared with base year average yield (258.3 kg/ha), while decreasing of absolute and relative change in productivity of Gird region compared of base years. Results of on farm trials showed that adoptions of mitigation of technologies of climatic abnormalities significantly influenced grain yield of black gram. Study revealed that among abiotic and biotic stresses, major losses in production of grain of black gram by water submergence during rainy season (33.0%) followed by drought during grain filling stage in summer (23.2%) and yellow vein mosaic (34.8%) followed by pod borer (30.1%) compared with control, respectively. Escaping of abiotic and biotic stresses with improved technologies was enhanced grain yield from 21.4-49.2% and 43.0-53.5% compared with control, respectively. Similarly, using improved techniques for mitigation of climatic abnormalities gave higher net returns and B:C ratio compared to control.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Average black gram area in central India rose 49.2% relative to the base years 1980 to 83.
- Taxon
- black gram
Vigna mungot0 - Outcome
- average areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 49.2%e1
- Comparator
- base years (1980 to 83)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e1“Absolute and relative changes in average area was slightly increased by 49.2% against base years (1980 to 83) area (532.6 thousand ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram productivity in central India rose 40.3% relative to the base year yield.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- productivitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 40.3%e2
- Comparator
- base year yield (217.7 kg/ha)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e2“productivity increased by 40.3% compared with base year yield (217.7 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram area showed significant variability in central India (CV 17.7%).
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- variability in areae3
- Value
- CV=17.7%e3
- Setting
- Central Indiae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e3“Study showed significant variability in area (CV=17.7%) and productivity (CV=13.8%) of black gram of Central India”
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram productivity showed significant variability in central India (CV 13.8%).
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- productivitye3
- Value
- CV=13.8%e3
- Setting
- Central Indiae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e3“Study showed significant variability in area (CV=17.7%) and productivity (CV=13.8%) of black gram of Central India”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum increase in black gram area was on the Malwa plateau.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- areae4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 139.1 thousand ha and 146.5%e4
- Setting
- Malwa plateaue4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e4“The maximum absolute and relative increased in area was 139.1 thousand ha and 146.5% of Malwa plateau”
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram area decreased in the Chhattisgarh plain (-13.1 thousand ha) compared with base years.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- areae5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- -13.1 thousand hae5
- Comparator
- base yearse5
- Setting
- Chhattisgarh plaine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e5“absolute and relative changes decreased in area of Chhattisgarh plain (-13.1 thousand ha) and Bastar plateau (-19.2%) compared with base years”
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram area decreased in the Bastar plateau (-19.2%) compared with base years.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- areae5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- -19.2%e5
- Comparator
- base yearse5
- Setting
- Bastar plateaue5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e5“absolute and relative changes decreased in area of Chhattisgarh plain (-13.1 thousand ha) and Bastar plateau (-19.2%) compared with base years”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum increase in black gram productivity was on the Vindhyan plateau.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- productivitye6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 285.6 kg/ha and 102.8%e6
- Comparator
- base year average yield (258.3 kg/ha)e6
- Setting
- Vindhyan plateaue6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e6“Maximum absolute and relative change in increase in productivity of Vindhyan plateau was 285.6 kg/ha and 102.8% compared with base year average yield (258.3 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram productivity decreased in the Gird region compared with base years.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Outcome
- productivitye7
- Direction
- decreasinge7
- Comparator
- base yearse7
- Setting
- Gird regione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e7“while decreasing of absolute and relative change in productivity of Gird region compared of base years”
Claim · model-written summary
Adoption of mitigation technologies for climatic abnormalities significantly influenced black gram grain yield in on-farm trials.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- adoptions of mitigation of technologies of climatic abnormalitiese1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Setting
- on farm trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e1“Results of on farm trials showed that adoptions of mitigation of technologies of climatic abnormalities significantly influenced grain yield of black gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Water submergence during the rainy season caused a 33.0% loss in black gram grain production.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- water submergence during rainy seasone2
- Outcome
- losses in production of graine2
- Value
- 33.0%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e2“major losses in production of grain of black gram by water submergence during rainy season (33.0%) followed by drought during grain filling stage in summer (23.2%) and yellow vein mosaic (34.8%) followed by pod borer (30.1%) compared with control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought during the grain filling stage in summer caused a 23.2% loss in black gram grain production.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling stagee2
- Treatment
- drought during grain filling stage in summere2
- Outcome
- losses in production of graine2
- Value
- 23.2%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e2“major losses in production of grain of black gram by water submergence during rainy season (33.0%) followed by drought during grain filling stage in summer (23.2%) and yellow vein mosaic (34.8%) followed by pod borer (30.1%) compared with control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow vein mosaic caused a 34.8% loss in black gram grain production.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Interactor
- yellow vein mosaice2pathogen
- Outcome
- losses in production of graine2
- Value
- 34.8%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e2“major losses in production of grain of black gram by water submergence during rainy season (33.0%) followed by drought during grain filling stage in summer (23.2%) and yellow vein mosaic (34.8%) followed by pod borer (30.1%) compared with control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod borer caused a 30.1% loss in black gram grain production.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Interactor
- pod borere2pest
- Outcome
- losses in production of graine2
- Value
- 30.1%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e2“major losses in production of grain of black gram by water submergence during rainy season (33.0%) followed by drought during grain filling stage in summer (23.2%) and yellow vein mosaic (34.8%) followed by pod borer (30.1%) compared with control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved technologies for escaping abiotic stresses increased black gram grain yield by 21.4-49.2% compared with control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- improved technologiese3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- 21.4-49.2%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e2“major losses in production of grain of black gram by water submergence during rainy season (33.0%) followed by drought during grain filling stage in summer (23.2%) and yellow vein mosaic (34.8%) followed by pod borer (30.1%) compared with control, respectively”
e3“Escaping of abiotic and biotic stresses with improved technologies was enhanced grain yield from 21.4-49.2% and 43.0-53.5% compared with control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved technologies for escaping biotic stresses increased black gram grain yield by 43.0-53.5% compared with control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- improved technologiese3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- 43.0-53.5%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e3“Escaping of abiotic and biotic stresses with improved technologies was enhanced grain yield from 21.4-49.2% and 43.0-53.5% compared with control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved techniques for mitigating climatic abnormalities gave higher net returns and B:C ratio than control in black gram.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- improved techniques for mitigation of climatic abnormalitiese4
- Outcome
- net returns and B:C ratioe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black gram”
e4“using improved techniques for mitigation of climatic abnormalities gave higher net returns and B:C ratio compared to control”
The same questions in other papers
climate site · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.