Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, responsible for enhancing plant nutrition, vigour and growth, may be used to reduce dosages of chemical fertilisers. Technologies that allow an economically viable and efficient application of these beneficial microbes in large scale agriculture must be studied. Seed coating is a potential delivery system for efficiently introducing minor amounts of bioinoculants. Despite the dramatic reduction on inoculum dose per plant, inoculation of AM fungi via seed coating was as effective as conventional soil inoculation. Fertilisation and inoculation had a significant impact on maize shoots nutrient concentrations. Different fertilisation regimes did not influence mycorrhizal colonisation. Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Plants singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coating under full fertilisation, presented enhancements of 100, 75 and 141% for magnesium, zinc and manganese, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Seed coating is a promising tool for delivering microbial inoculants into the soil, while promoting sustainable production of maize. This technology is particularly pertinent in low input agriculture, with potential environmental profits and food quality improvements.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi delivered by seed coating were as effective as conventional soil inoculation despite a lower dose.
- Treatment
- inoculation of AM fungi via seed coatinge0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- as effectivee0
- Direction
- as effectivee0
- Comparator
- conventional soil inoculatione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite the dramatic reduction on inoculum dose per plant, inoculation of AM fungi via seed coating was as effective as conventional soil inoculation.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilisation and inoculation significantly affected maize shoot nutrient concentrations.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilisation and inoculation had a significant impact on maize shoots nutrient concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Different fertilisation regimes did not influence maize mycorrhizal colonisation.
- Treatment
- Different fertilisation regimese0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonisatione0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different fertilisation regimes did not influence mycorrhizal colonisation.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
R. irregularis increased maize shoot nitrogen concentration by 110% without fertilisation.
- Treatment
- singly inoculated with R. irregularise0
- Interactor
- R. irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- incrementse0
- Value
- 110e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
R. irregularis increased maize shoot phosphorus concentration by 93% without fertilisation.
- Treatment
- singly inoculated with R. irregularise0
- Interactor
- R. irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- incrementse0
- Value
- 93e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
R. irregularis increased maize shoot potassium concentration by 88% without fertilisation.
- Treatment
- singly inoculated with R. irregularise0
- Interactor
- R. irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- incrementse0
- Value
- 88e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
R. irregularis increased maize shoot zinc concentration by 175% without fertilisation.
- Treatment
- singly inoculated with R. irregularise0
- Interactor
- R. irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- zince0
- Direction
- incrementse0
- Value
- 175%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens seed coating increased maize shoot magnesium concentration by 100% under full fertilisation.
- Treatment
- singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coatinge0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- magnesiume0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 100e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coating under full fertilisation, presented enhancements of 100, 75 and 141% for magnesium, zinc and manganese, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens seed coating increased maize shoot zinc concentration by 75% under full fertilisation.
- Treatment
- singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coatinge0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- zince0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 75e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coating under full fertilisation, presented enhancements of 100, 75 and 141% for magnesium, zinc and manganese, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens seed coating increased maize shoot manganese concentration by 141% under full fertilisation.
- Treatment
- singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coatinge0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- manganesee0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 141%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coating under full fertilisation, presented enhancements of 100, 75 and 141% for magnesium, zinc and manganese, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend seed coating to deliver microbial inoculants for sustainable maize production, particularly in low input agriculture.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed coating is a promising tool for delivering microbial inoculants into the soil, while promoting sustainable production of maize. This technology is particularly pertinent in low input agriculture, with potential environmental profits and food quality improvements.”
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See all 306 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.