Paper · 2018 · International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Influence of Establishment Methods and Site-Specific Nitrogen Approaches on Growth Functions and Yield of Rice

M.R. Bhavya; M. Dinesh Kumar

10
claims
26
verbatim quotes
0
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-sa

Abstract

A Field experiment was taken up during kharif season of 2014 and 2015 on sandy loam soils at College of Agriculture, Navile, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India. Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment. The leaf area coverage in proportion to ground and also the functional ability of leaves remained more in SRI method resulting significantly higher total dry matter accumulation (116.03 g plant-1) compared to conventional (95.73 g plant-1) and aerobic (65.41 g plant-1) methods at harvest. As a result, it recorded significantly higher absolute (0.63, 0.84 and 1.60 g plant-1 day-1 at 30 to 60, 60 to 90 and 90 DAT to harvest), relative (0.028 gg-1 day-1 up to 90 DAT) and crop growth rates. Thereby established higher grain (7767 kg ha-1) and straw (8878 kg ha-1) yield over other methods of establishments. Soil test and crop response (STCR) approach of nitrogen application recorded significantly higher leaf area (1313.24 cm2), leaf area index (3.20) and leaf area duration (111.87 days) at 90 days after sowing or transplanting closely followed by leaf colour chart (LCC) compared to other nitrogen management approaches. As a result, STCR approach recorded higher dry matter accumulation at all the growth stages (4.08 g plant 1 at 30 DAT, 29.73 g plant 1 at 60 DAT, 57.82 g plant 1 at 90 DAT and harvest it was 101.60 g plant 1) along with absolute and relative growth rates resulting in significantly higher grain (7183 kg ha-1) and straw yield (8314 kg ha-1) closely followed by LCC approach over other nitrogen management approaches. Method of establishment by SRI with STCR approach of nitrogen management yielded better leaf area and its components to achieve higher yields (8348 kg ha-1) and becomes best.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

System of rice intensification (SRI) establishment gave higher leaf area than aerobic establishment at 90 DAT.

Treatment
system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishmente0
Outcome
Leaf areae0
Direction
highere0
Value
1717.21 cm2e0
Qualifier
conventional (1002.31cm2)e0
Comparator
aerobice0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e0

“Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–448 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI establishment gave higher total dry matter accumulation at harvest than conventional and aerobic establishment.

Treatment
system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishmente0
Outcome
total dry matter accumulatione1
Direction
highere1
Value
116.03 g plant-1e1
Qualifier
aerobic (65.41 g plant-1)e1
Comparator
conventionale1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e0

“Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–448 · show in text ↑
e1

“significantly higher total dry matter accumulation (116.03 g plant-1) compared to conventional (95.73 g plant-1) and aerobic (65.41 g plant-1) methods at harvest. As a result, it recorded significantly higher absolute (0.63, 0.84 and 1.60 g plant-1 day-1 at 30 to 60, 60 to 90 and 90 DAT to harvest), relative (0.028 gg-1 day-1 up to 90 DAT) and crop growth rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 577–940 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI establishment gave significantly higher absolute growth rates in the intervals up to harvest.

Treatment
system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishmente0
Outcome
growth ratese1
Direction
highere1
Value
0.63, 0.84 and 1.60 g plant-1 day-1e1
Qualifier
absolutee1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e0

“Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–448 · show in text ↑
e1

“significantly higher total dry matter accumulation (116.03 g plant-1) compared to conventional (95.73 g plant-1) and aerobic (65.41 g plant-1) methods at harvest. As a result, it recorded significantly higher absolute (0.63, 0.84 and 1.60 g plant-1 day-1 at 30 to 60, 60 to 90 and 90 DAT to harvest), relative (0.028 gg-1 day-1 up to 90 DAT) and crop growth rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 577–940 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI establishment gave significantly higher relative growth rate up to 90 DAT.

Treatment
system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishmente0
Outcome
growth ratese1
Direction
highere1
Value
0.028 gg-1 day-1e1
Qualifier
relativee1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e0

“Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–448 · show in text ↑
e1

“significantly higher total dry matter accumulation (116.03 g plant-1) compared to conventional (95.73 g plant-1) and aerobic (65.41 g plant-1) methods at harvest. As a result, it recorded significantly higher absolute (0.63, 0.84 and 1.60 g plant-1 day-1 at 30 to 60, 60 to 90 and 90 DAT to harvest), relative (0.028 gg-1 day-1 up to 90 DAT) and crop growth rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 577–940 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI establishment gave significantly higher crop growth rates.

Treatment
system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishmente0
Outcome
crop growth ratese1
Direction
highere1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e0

“Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–448 · show in text ↑
e1

“significantly higher total dry matter accumulation (116.03 g plant-1) compared to conventional (95.73 g plant-1) and aerobic (65.41 g plant-1) methods at harvest. As a result, it recorded significantly higher absolute (0.63, 0.84 and 1.60 g plant-1 day-1 at 30 to 60, 60 to 90 and 90 DAT to harvest), relative (0.028 gg-1 day-1 up to 90 DAT) and crop growth rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 577–940 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI establishment gave higher grain yield than other establishment methods.

Treatment
system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishmente0
Outcome
graine2
Direction
highere2
Value
7767 kg ha-1e2
Comparator
other methods of establishmentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e0

“Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–448 · show in text ↑
e2

“Thereby established higher grain (7767 kg ha-1) and straw (8878 kg ha-1) yield over other methods of establishments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 942–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI establishment gave higher straw yield than other establishment methods.

Treatment
system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishmente0
Outcome
strawe2
Direction
highere2
Value
8878 kg ha-1e2
Comparator
other methods of establishmentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e0

“Leaf area was significantly higher in the system of rice intensification (SRI) method of establishment from 30 DAT and reached a peak value at 90 DAT then decreased. At 90 DAT, leaf area was 1717.21 cm2 as compared to aerobic (967.97 cm2) and conventional (1002.31cm2) methods of establishment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–448 · show in text ↑
e2

“Thereby established higher grain (7767 kg ha-1) and straw (8878 kg ha-1) yield over other methods of establishments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 942–1057 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

STCR nitrogen approach gave higher dry matter accumulation at all growth stages.

Treatment
STCR approache4
Outcome
dry matter accumulatione4
Direction
highere4
Value
4.08 g plant 1 at 30 DAT, 29.73 g plant 1 at 60 DAT, 57.82 g plant 1 at 90 DAT and harvest it was 101.60 g plant 1e4
Qualifier
at all the growth stagese4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e4

“STCR approach recorded higher dry matter accumulation at all the growth stages (4.08 g plant 1 at 30 DAT, 29.73 g plant 1 at 60 DAT, 57.82 g plant 1 at 90 DAT and harvest it was 101.60 g plant 1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1390–1585 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI with STCR nitrogen management gave the higher yields of 8348 kg ha-1 and was the best combination.

Treatment
Method of establishment by SRI with STCR approach of nitrogen managemente6
Outcome
yieldse6
Direction
highere6
Value
8348 kg ha-1e6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e6

“Method of establishment by SRI with STCR approach of nitrogen management yielded better leaf area and its components to achieve higher yields (8348 kg ha-1) and becomes best”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1794–1967 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SRI with STCR nitrogen management gave better leaf area and its components.

Treatment
Method of establishment by SRI with STCR approach of nitrogen managemente6
Outcome
leaf area and its componentse6
Direction
bettere6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Yield of Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110 · show in text ↑
e6

“Method of establishment by SRI with STCR approach of nitrogen management yielded better leaf area and its components to achieve higher yields (8348 kg ha-1) and becomes best”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1794–1967 · show in text ↑

irrigation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

291 papers: 222 positive, 69 negative or no effect

221 papers in the same direction as this paper · 62 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
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nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

511 papers: 402 positive, 109 negative or no effect

401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
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irrigation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

1,171 papers: 906 positive, 265 negative or no effect

905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 201 in the opposite direction · 64 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
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nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

2,045 papers: 1,803 positive, 242 negative or no effect

1,802 papers in the same direction as this paper · 193 in the opposite direction · 49 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.