Abstract
Infestation of plants with the phloem-feeding whitefly Bemisia tabaci modulates root microbiota and both local and systemic immunity against microbial pathogens. Specifically, aboveground whitefly infestation suppresses pathogen propagation and symptom development caused by the soil-borne pathogens Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Ralstonia solanacearum in the root system through systemic signal transduction. Therefore, we hypothesized that secreted protein(s)/non-protein factors from whitefly saliva (referred to as candidate effectors) might function as insect determinants that activate systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the host plant. Here, we intensively screened a cDNA library constructed from mRNA from whitefly feeding on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and selected three candidate effectors, 2G4, 2G5, and 6A10, that appear to reduce disease development caused by the aboveground pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and the soil-borne pathogen R. solanacearum. Transient expression of the three candidate effector cDNAs in leaves primed the expression of SAR marker genes NbPR1a and NbPR2 in local and systemic leaves against P. syringae pv. tabaci, while leaf infiltration with 2G4 and 6A10 cDNA elicited strong defense priming of SAR markers following drench application of R. solanacearum on plant roots. In silico and qRT-PCR analyses revealed the presence of 2G5 and 6A10 transcripts in insect salivary glands. This is the first report of whitefly effectors that prime SAR against aboveground and belowground bacterial pathogens.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly effectors 2G4, 2G5 and 6A10 appeared to reduce Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci disease.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- 2G4, 2G5, and 6A10e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaciPseudomonas amygdali pv. tabacie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selected three candidate effectors, 2G4, 2G5, and 6A10, that appear to reduce disease development caused by the aboveground pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly effectors 2G4, 2G5 and 6A10 appeared to reduce Ralstonia solanacearum disease.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- 2G4, 2G5, and 6A10e0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selected three candidate effectors, 2G4, 2G5, and 6A10, that appear to reduce disease development caused by the aboveground pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and the soil-borne pathogen R. solanacearum.”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient expression of the three candidate effectors primed NbPR1a and NbPR2 expression in local and systemic leaves against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Organ / stage
- local and systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of the three candidate effector cDNAse0
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tabaciPseudomonas amygdali pv. tabacie0pathogen
- Outcome
- expression of SAR marker genes NbPR1a and NbPR2e0
- Direction
- primede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of the three candidate effector cDNAs in leaves primed the expression of SAR marker genes NbPR1a and NbPR2 in local and systemic leaves against P. syringae pv. tabaci”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf infiltration with 2G4 primed SAR markers after root drenching with Ralstonia solanacearum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- leaf infiltration with 2G4e0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- SAR markerse0
- Direction
- priminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf infiltration with 2G4 and 6A10 cDNA elicited strong defense priming of SAR markers following drench application of R. solanacearum on plant roots”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf infiltration with 6A10 primed SAR markers after root drenching with Ralstonia solanacearum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- 6A10 cDNAe0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- SAR markerse0
- Direction
- priminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf infiltration with 2G4 and 6A10 cDNA elicited strong defense priming of SAR markers following drench application of R. solanacearum on plant roots”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
2G5 and 6A10 transcripts were found in whitefly salivary glands.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- presence of 2G5 and 6A10 transcripts in insect salivary glandse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“presence of 2G5 and 6A10 transcripts in insect salivary glands”
e1“whitefly feeding on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
pathogen product · Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.