Abstract
The Pto gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) confers specific recognition of the unrelated bacterial effector proteins AvrPto and AvrPtoB. Pto resides in a constitutive molecular complex with the nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeats protein Prf. Prf is absolutely required for specific recognition of both effectors. Here, using stable transgenic lines, we show that expression of Pto from its genomic promoter in susceptible tomatoes was sufficient to complement recognition of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) bacteria expressing either avrPto or avrPtoB. Pto kinase activity was absolutely required for specific immunity. Expression of the Pto N-myristoylation mutant, pto(G2A), conferred recognition of Pst (avrPtoB), but not Pst (avrPto), although bacterial growth in these lines was intermediate between resistant and susceptible lines. Overexpression of pto(G2A) complemented recognition of avrPto. Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing wild-type Pto exhibited constitutive growth phenotypes, but these were absent in lines overexpressing pto(G2A). Therefore, Pto myristoylation is a quantitative factor for effector recognition in tomato, but is absolutely required for overexpression phenotypes. Native expression of Pto in the heterologous species Nicotiana benthamiana did not confer resistance to P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) expressing avrPto or avrPtoB, but recognition of both effectors was complemented by Prf co-expression. Thus, specific resistance conferred solely by Pto in N. benthamiana is an artefact of overexpression. Finally, pto(G2A) did not confer recognition of either avrPto or avrPtoB in N. benthamiana, regardless of the presence of Prf. Thus, co-expression of Prf in N. benthamiana complements many but not all aspects of normal Pto function.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of Pto from its genomic promoter in susceptible tomato was sufficient to complement recognition of Pst bacteria expressing avrPto or avrPtoB.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Material
- stable transgenic linese1
- Treatment
- expression of Pto from its genomic promotere1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst)
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe1pathogen - Gene
- Ptoe1
- Outcome
- recognition of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) bacteriae1
- Direction
- sufficient to complemente1
- Qualifier
- expressing either avrPto or avrPtoBe1
- Comparator
- susceptible tomatoese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“using stable transgenic lines, we show that expression of Pto from its genomic promoter in susceptible tomatoes was sufficient to complement recognition of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) bacteria expressing either avrPto or avrPtoB”
e2“The Pto gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pto kinase activity is absolutely required for specific immunity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Gene
- Pto kinase activitye1
- Outcome
- specific immunitye1
- Qualifier
- absolutely requirede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Pto kinase activity was absolutely required for specific immunity”
e2“The Pto gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of pto(G2A) conferred recognition of Pst (avrPtoB) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Material
- Pto N-myristoylation mutante1
- Treatment
- Expression of the Pto N-myristoylation mutant, pto(G2A)e1
- Interactor
- Pste1pathogen
- Gene
- pto(G2A)e1
- Outcome
- recognition of Pst (avrPtoB)e1
- Direction
- conferrede1
- Comparator
- susceptible linese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Expression of the Pto N-myristoylation mutant, pto(G2A), conferred recognition of Pst (avrPtoB), but not Pst (avrPto), although bacterial growth in these lines was intermediate between resistant and susceptible lines”
e2“The Pto gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of pto(G2A) did not confer recognition of Pst (avrPto) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Material
- Pto N-myristoylation mutante1
- Treatment
- Expression of the Pto N-myristoylation mutant, pto(G2A)e1
- Interactor
- Pste1pathogen
- Gene
- pto(G2A)e1
- Outcome
- recognitione1
- Direction
- but note1
- Qualifier
- avrPtoe1
- Comparator
- susceptible linese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Expression of the Pto N-myristoylation mutant, pto(G2A), conferred recognition of Pst (avrPtoB), but not Pst (avrPto), although bacterial growth in these lines was intermediate between resistant and susceptible lines”
e2“The Pto gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of pto(G2A) complemented recognition of avrPto in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- Overexpression of pto(G2A)e1
- Gene
- pto(G2A)e1
- Outcome
- recognition of avrPtoe1
- Direction
- complementede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Overexpression of pto(G2A) complemented recognition of avrPto”
e2“The Pto gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing wild-type Pto showed constitutive growth phenotypes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- overexpressing wild-type Ptoe1
- Outcome
- constitutive growth phenotypese1
- Comparator
- lines overexpressing pto(G2A)e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing wild-type Pto exhibited constitutive growth phenotypes, but these were absent in lines overexpressing pto(G2A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lines overexpressing pto(G2A) lacked the constitutive growth phenotypes seen with overexpressed wild-type Pto in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- overexpressing pto(G2A)e1
- Outcome
- constitutive growth phenotypese1
- Qualifier
- absente1
- Comparator
- overexpressing wild-type Ptoe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing wild-type Pto exhibited constitutive growth phenotypes, but these were absent in lines overexpressing pto(G2A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pto myristoylation is a quantitative factor for effector recognition in tomato and is absolutely required for overexpression phenotypes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- Ptoe1
- Outcome
- effector recognitione1
- Qualifier
- quantitative factore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Therefore, Pto myristoylation is a quantitative factor for effector recognition in tomato, but is absolutely required for overexpression phenotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Native Pto expression in Nicotiana benthamiana did not confer resistance to Pta expressing avrPto or avrPtoB.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- Native expression of Ptoe1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pta)Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabacie1pathogen
- Gene
- Ptoe1
- Outcome
- resistancee1
- Direction
- did not confere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Native expression of Pto in the heterologous species Nicotiana benthamiana did not confer resistance to P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) expressing avrPto or avrPtoB”
Claim · model-written summary
Prf co-expression complemented recognition of both effectors by native Pto in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae2
- Treatment
- Prf co-expressione1
- Outcome
- recognition of both effectorse1
- Direction
- complementede1
- Comparator
- Native expression of Ptoe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“but recognition of both effectors was complemented by Prf co-expression”
e2“Native expression of Pto in the heterologous species Nicotiana benthamiana did not confer resistance to P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) expressing avrPto or avrPtoB”
Claim · model-written summary
pto(G2A) did not confer recognition of either avrPto or avrPtoB in Nicotiana benthamiana, regardless of Prf.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- pto(G2A)e1
- Gene
- pto(G2A)e1
- Outcome
- recognition of either avrPto or avrPtoBe1
- Direction
- did not confere1
- Qualifier
- regardless of the presence of Prfe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pto(G2A) did not confer recognition of either avrPto or avrPtoB in N. benthamiana, regardless of the presence of Prf”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific resistance conferred solely by Pto in Nicotiana benthamiana is an artefact of overexpression.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- Ptoe1
- Outcome
- specific resistancee1
- Qualifier
- an artefact of overexpressione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thus, specific resistance conferred solely by Pto in N. benthamiana is an artefact of overexpression”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-expression of Prf in Nicotiana benthamiana complements many but not all aspects of normal Pto function.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- co-expression of Prfe1
- Outcome
- aspects of normal Pto functione1
- Qualifier
- many but not alle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-expression of Prf in N. benthamiana complements many but not all aspects of normal Pto function”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.