Abstract
ABSTRACT: Crop row spacing adjustment and adjuvants have a significant role in decreasing herbicide cost and environmental damage by reducing herbicide application rate. A field study was conducted to assess the impact of two row spacing values and reduced herbicide rates along with adjuvant on weeds in maize in 2014 and 2015. The experiment consisted of atrazine plus mesotrione plus halosulfuran methyl (pre-mixed herbicide) at label rate (719.2 g a.i. ha-1); reduced rates of 75% (539.4 g a.i. ha-1) and 50% (359.6 g a.i. ha-1) alone and in combination with alkyl ether sulphate at 396.8 mL ha-1 as an adjuvant along with weedy check in maize sown at 60 and 75 cm row spacing. Alkyl ether sulphate increased weed control efficacy (13-35%) of the pre-mixed herbicide. Herbicide along with adjuvant provided effective weed control at 60 cm as compared to 75 cm apart sown maize. The most effective control of weeds, and increase in maize grain yield (33-45% as compared to non-treated control) and net income were obtained by the pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvant and pre-mixed herbicide at 719.2 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) without adjuvant. The results revealed that the rate of pre-mixed herbicide can be reduced by up to 25% of the recommended field rate by the addition of alkyl ether sulphate as an adjuvant at 60 cm row spacing of maize to increase maize yield and net income.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Alkyl ether sulphate improved herbicide weed-control efficacy by 13–35%.
- Treatment
- Alkyl ether sulphatee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficacye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13-35%e0
- Comparator
- pre-mixed herbicidee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkyl ether sulphate increased weed control efficacy (13-35%) of the pre-mixed herbicide”
t0“Integrated Role of Row Spacing and Adjuvant to Reduce Herbicide Dose in Maize Under Semi-Arid Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide with adjuvant controlled weeds better at 60 cm than 75 cm row spacing.
- Treatment
- Herbicide along with adjuvante0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Qualifier
- 60 cme0
- Comparator
- 75 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide along with adjuvant provided effective weed control at 60 cm as compared to 75 cm apart sown maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate herbicide with adjuvant gave the most effective weed control.
- Treatment
- pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvante0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of weedse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective control of weeds, and increase in maize grain yield (33-45% as compared to non-treated control) and net income were obtained by the pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvant and pre-mixed herbicide at 719.2 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) without adjuvant”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-rate herbicide without adjuvant gave the most effective weed control.
- Treatment
- pre-mixed herbicide at 719.2 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) without adjuvante0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of weedse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective control of weeds, and increase in maize grain yield (33-45% as compared to non-treated control) and net income were obtained by the pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvant and pre-mixed herbicide at 719.2 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) without adjuvant”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate herbicide with adjuvant increased maize grain yield by 33–45% against no treatment.
- Treatment
- pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvante0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 33-45%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in maize grain yield (33-45% as compared to non-treated control) and net income were obtained by the pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvant and pre-mixed herbicide at 719.2 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) without adjuvant”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-rate herbicide without adjuvant increased maize grain yield by 33–45% against no treatment.
- Treatment
- pre-mixed herbicide at 719.2 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) without adjuvante0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 33-45%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in maize grain yield (33-45% as compared to non-treated control) and net income were obtained by the pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvant and pre-mixed herbicide at 719.2 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) without adjuvant”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate herbicide with adjuvant increased net income.
- Treatment
- pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvante0
- Outcome
- net incomee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in maize grain yield (33-45% as compared to non-treated control) and net income were obtained by the pre-mixed herbicide at 539.4 g a.i. ha-1 (75% of recommended rate) with adjuvant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that adding adjuvant at 60 cm spacing allows a 25% herbicide-rate reduction while improving yield and income.
- Treatment
- addition of alkyl ether sulphate as an adjuvante0
- Outcome
- rate of pre-mixed herbicide can be reduced by up to 25% of the recommended field ratee0
- Qualifier
- 60 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rate of pre-mixed herbicide can be reduced by up to 25% of the recommended field rate by the addition of alkyl ether sulphate as an adjuvant at 60 cm row spacing of maize to increase maize yield and net income”
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See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.