Abstract
Disturbance in water relations is the major causes of vase life reduction and senescence in cut flowers This problem is mainly due to microorganism proliferation in the vase solution which leads to vascular occlusion and reduction in solution uptake by cut flowers. Therefore a comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the biocidal effect of nano silver particles (NSP) and compare it with some previously applied biocides. Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution. Longest vase life was observed in flowers treated with nano silver particles, aluminum sulphate and citric acid, respectively. Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochlorite were the most effective treatments in controlling microbial population followed by aluminum sulfate as the second effective treatment. Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochlorite completely inhibited the microbial growth during the first six days of experiment. Moreover, aluminum sulfate retarded microbial growth, proliferation and growth rate more efficiently than others. Each treatment allowed proliferation of a specific microbe. In general, two yeasts, six fungi, and 26 bacterial colonies were isolated from different vase solutions. Among the isolated fungi, one isolate was Trichoderma harzianum and the five other were different strains of Fusarium solani. Identified bacterial isolates were Bacillus sp., Coccus spp., Streptomyces sp., Pectobacterium sp., Burkholderia sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Bacillus was the most wide spread microorganism in most treatments. Identified Bacillus sp. isolates were B. polymexa, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and B. circulans. Since nano silver significantly improved vase life and effectively controlled microbial proliferation in vase solution, our results suggest that nano silver application could be considered as a biocidal preservative solution for rose cut flowers.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nano silver particles gave the longest vase life of cut roses, ahead of aluminum sulphate and citric acid.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e2“Longest vase life was observed in flowers treated with nano silver particles, aluminum sulphate and citric acid, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochlorite were the most effective treatments in controlling microbial population of cut roses.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e2“Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochlorite were the most effective treatments in controlling microbial population followed by aluminum sulfate as the second effective treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum sulfate was the second most effective treatment in controlling microbial population of cut roses.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e2“Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochlorite were the most effective treatments in controlling microbial population followed by aluminum sulfate as the second effective treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochlorite completely inhibited microbial growth in the vase solution during the first six days.
- Taxon
- Rosese1
- Treatment
- Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochloritee3
- Outcome
- microbial growthe3
- Direction
- completely inhibitede3
- Qualifier
- during the first six days of experimente3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e3“Nano silver particles, HQC and calcium hypochlorite completely inhibited the microbial growth during the first six days of experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum sulfate retarded microbial growth, proliferation and growth rate more efficiently than the other treatments.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e4“Moreover, aluminum sulfate retarded microbial growth, proliferation and growth rate more efficiently than others”
Claim · model-written summary
Two yeasts, six fungi and 26 bacterial colonies were isolated from the different vase solutions.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e5“In general, two yeasts, six fungi, and 26 bacterial colonies were isolated from different vase solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
One isolated fungus was Trichoderma harzianum and the other five were Fusarium solani strains.
- Taxon
- Rosese1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume6other - Second interactor
- Fusarium solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie6other - Outcome
- isolated fungie6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e6“Among the isolated fungi, one isolate was Trichoderma harzianum and the five other were different strains of Fusarium solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus was the most widespread microorganism in most vase-solution treatments.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e7“Bacillus was the most wide spread microorganism in most treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano silver significantly improved vase life of cut roses.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e2“Since nano silver significantly improved vase life and effectively controlled microbial proliferation in vase solution, our results suggest that nano silver application could be considered as a biocidal preservative solution for rose cut flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano silver effectively controlled microbial proliferation in the vase solution of cut roses.
- Taxon
- Rosese1
- Treatment
- nano silvere2
- Outcome
- microbial proliferation in vase solutione2
- Direction
- effectively controllede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e2“Since nano silver significantly improved vase life and effectively controlled microbial proliferation in vase solution, our results suggest that nano silver application could be considered as a biocidal preservative solution for rose cut flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Each treatment allowed proliferation of a specific microbe.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e3“Each treatment allowed proliferation of a specific microbe”
Claim · model-written summary
Identified bacterial isolates from the vase solutions included Bacillus, Coccus, Streptomyces, Pectobacterium, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas species.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e4“Identified bacterial isolates were Bacillus sp., Coccus spp., Streptomyces sp., Pectobacterium sp., Burkholderia sp., and Pseudomonas sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Identified Bacillus sp. isolates were B. polymexa, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and B. circulans.
Verbatim
e1“Roses (cv. Cherry Brandy) were treated in a completely randomized design with: colloid of NSP, citric acid, aluminum sulfate, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), tap water, or sterilized distilled water as vase water or solution”
e5“Identified Bacillus sp. isolates were B. polymexa, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and B. circulans”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest nano silver could be considered a biocidal preservative solution for rose cut flowers.
Verbatim
e2“Since nano silver significantly improved vase life and effectively controlled microbial proliferation in vase solution, our results suggest that nano silver application could be considered as a biocidal preservative solution for rose cut flowers”
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