Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to determine control of Palmer amaranth and crop injury resulting from a postemergence (POST) premix application of pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil and various tank‐mix partners. The objectives were to (i) determine the effects of different pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil rates and tank‐mix partners applied at early and mid‐POST (EPOST and MPOST) on Palmer amaranth control; (ii) evaluate weed control following application at different Palmer amaranth sizes; and (iii) assess sorghum injury and yield as affected by herbicides applied at the 4‐leaf, 10‐leaf, and boot stages. At both EPOST and MPOST, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine alone or mixed with 2,4‐D or dicamba consistently provided better Palmer amaranth control (>98% at EPOST and >90% at MPOST) than bromoxynil + atrazine (94% at EPOST and 58% at MPOST). At EPOST, control of Palmer amaranth by pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil alone varied with year, but the control was 100% at 42 days after treatment (DAT) when pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil was tank‐mixed with atrazine at 0.50 lb a.i./acre or dicamba at 0.20 lb a.i./acre. Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil at more than 0.02 + 0.14 lb a.i./acre plus atrazine at 0.50 lb a.i./acre provided 100% control at 42 DAT when Palmer amaranth was less than 9 inches tall. In controlling 15‐ to 18‐inch‐tall Palmer amaranth, the efficacy of pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine ranged from 83% to 99%. Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine resulted in up to 28% leaf burn at 3 DAT when applied to 4‐leaf sorghum, but plants completely recovered from the injury within 28 DAT. Addition of dicamba to pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine tended to reduce sorghum injury. However, application of pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine + dicamba at the boot stage reduced sorghum grain yields up to 37%.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil plus atrazine, alone or with 2,4-D or dicamba, controlled Palmer amaranth better than bromoxynil plus atrazine at early and mid postemergence.
Verbatim
e0“At both EPOST and MPOST, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine alone or mixed with 2,4‐D or dicamba consistently provided better Palmer amaranth control (>98% at EPOST and >90% at MPOST) than bromoxynil + atrazine (94% at EPOST and 58% at MPOST).”
Claim · model-written summary
Early postemergence pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil mixed with atrazine or dicamba controlled Palmer amaranth completely at 42 days.
Verbatim
e0“At EPOST, control of Palmer amaranth by pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil alone varied with year, but the control was 100% at 42 days after treatment (DAT) when pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil was tank‐mixed with atrazine at 0.50 lb a.i./acre or dicamba at 0.20 lb a.i./acre.”
Claim · model-written summary
The atrazine mixture controlled Palmer amaranth below 9 inches completely at 42 days.
- Taxon
- Palmer amaranthe0
- Treatment
- Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil at more than 0.02 + 0.14 lb a.i./acre plus atrazine at 0.50 lb a.i./acree0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- 100%e0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- less than 9 inches talle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil at more than 0.02 + 0.14 lb a.i./acre plus atrazine at 0.50 lb a.i./acre provided 100% control at 42 DAT when Palmer amaranth was less than 9 inches tall.”
Claim · model-written summary
The atrazine mixture controlled tall Palmer amaranth by 83% to 99%.
- Taxon
- Palmer amaranthe0
- Treatment
- pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Value
- 83% to 99%e0
- Qualifier
- 15‐ to 18‐inch‐talle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“In controlling 15‐ to 18‐inch‐tall Palmer amaranth, the efficacy of pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine ranged from 83% to 99%.”
Claim · model-written summary
The atrazine mixture caused up to 28% leaf burn in four-leaf sorghum at three days, with complete recovery by 28 days.
- Organ / stage
- 4‐leafe0
- Treatment
- Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazinee0
- Outcome
- leaf burne0
- Direction
- leaf burne0
- Value
- up to 28%e0
- Qualifier
- completely recovered from the injury within 28 DATe0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine resulted in up to 28% leaf burn at 3 DAT when applied to 4‐leaf sorghum, but plants completely recovered from the injury within 28 DAT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding dicamba tended to reduce sorghum injury.
- Treatment
- Addition of dicambae0
- Outcome
- sorghum injurye0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
- Comparator
- pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of dicamba to pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine tended to reduce sorghum injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying the mixture with dicamba at boot stage reduced sorghum grain yield by up to 37%.
- Organ / stage
- boot stagee0
- Treatment
- pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine + dicambae0
- Outcome
- sorghum grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil + atrazine + dicamba at the boot stage reduced sorghum grain yields up to 37%”
The same questions in other papers
atrazine · yield · SorghumResults differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 43 papers →dicamba · crop injury · SorghumPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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dicamba · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →atrazine · crop injury · SorghumPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →pyrasulfotole · crop injury · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · crop injury · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.