Abstract
Control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on irrigated land was studied by application of herbicides once in the fall and then only in the spring for the next 4 yr. Control of field bindweed 8 months after a fall application of 2.2 kg/ha of dicamba (3,6-dichloro- o -anisic acid) or 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was 90 and 83%, respectively. Spring applications of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba, 0.56 kg of 2,4-D, or the mixture of these two herbicides suppressed the growth of field bindweed similarly each year. By the fall of the fourth year, field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots. Yield of corn (Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3306’) was significantly higher in all treated plots than in the untreated check plots in 1 out of 2 yr. Yield of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ‘Pioneer 833’] was not increased significantly in any treated plots, but in 1 yr the mixture of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba plus 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-D reduced yield significantly when this mixture was applied twice at these same rates in the spring.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fall dicamba controlled bindweed 90% after eight months.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- 2.2 kg/ha of dicambae0
- Interactor
- field bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- Control of field bindweede0
- Value
- 90e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of field bindweed 8 months after a fall application of 2.2 kg/ha of dicamba (3,6-dichloro- o -anisic acid) or 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was 90 and 83%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall 2,4-D controlled bindweed 83% after eight months.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- field bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- Control of field bindweede0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of field bindweed 8 months after a fall application of 2.2 kg/ha of dicamba (3,6-dichloro- o -anisic acid) or 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was 90 and 83%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Three spring herbicide options suppressed bindweed similarly each year.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 0.28 kg/ha of dicambae0
- Interactor
- field bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- growth of field bindweede0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- 0.56 kg of 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring applications of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba, 0.56 kg of 2,4-D, or the mixture of these two herbicides suppressed the growth of field bindweed similarly each year.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fall and spring herbicides left 9% bindweed cover by year four.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- field bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- field bindweed covered an averagee0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall-only herbicides left 72% bindweed cover by year four.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- only fall-applied herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- field bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- field bindweed covered an averagee0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plots had 80% bindweed cover by year four.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- field bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- field bindweed covered an averagee0
- Value
- 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was significantly higher in treated than untreated plots in one of two years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Pioneer 3306e0
- Treatment
- all treated plotse0
- Outcome
- Yield of corne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 1 out of 2 yre0
- Comparator
- untreated check plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of corn (Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3306’) was significantly higher in all treated plots than in the untreated check plots in 1 out of 2 yr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum yield did not increase significantly in treated plots.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ‘Pioneer 833’] was not increased significantly in any treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-applied spring dicamba plus 2,4-D significantly reduced sorghum yield in one year.
- Treatment
- mixture of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba plus 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 1 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 1 yr the mixture of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba plus 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-D reduced yield significantly when this mixture was applied twice at these same rates in the spring.”
t0“and Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · yield · SorghumResults differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →dicamba · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →dicamba · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →2,4-D · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →dicamba · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →herbicide · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.