Abstract
Common bean is an important crop with potential to curb malnutrition in poor Sub-Saharan African populations. Yields of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are, however poor, limited by low soil phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and poor biological N2-fixation. On-farm experiments were carried out to study the effect of N, P and rhizobia inoculation on common bean yield and yield components during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons in Eastern Zimbabwe. Experiments were conducted on five farmers’ fields located in two agroecologies; three fields were considered to be degraded with soil organic carbon (SOC) < 4 g kg−1 and available P < 6 mg kg−1, while the two non–degraded sites had SOC > 7 g kg−1 and available P > 15 mg kg−1. Two common bean varieties (Gloria and NUA45) were tested in a split-plot arranged in randomized complete block design. The main plot factor was the combination of N (0 and 40 kg ha−1) and P (0 and 20 kg ha−1), and the sub-plot factors were variety (Gloria and NUA 45) and inoculation with Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 (+/− inoculum). At planting, both N and P were applied at 20 kg ha−1, with an additional 20 kg ha−1 N top dressing applied at flowering. Analysis of variance indicated common bean did not respond to rhizobia inoculation (P > 0.05) whilst P significantly increased the number of nodules and active nodules per plant (P < 0.001), and grain yield. Application of 40 kg ha−1 N significantly increased the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and grain yields. A significant NP interaction was only observed on grain yield for non-degraded soils. Co-application of N and P in non-degraded sites increased grain yields from 0.27 to 1.48 Mg ha−1during the first season and from 0.37 to 2.09 Mg ha−1during the second season. On degraded sites, NP application resulted in uninspiring grain yield gains of 0.09 to 0.19 Mg ha−1 during the first season, and from 0.16 to 0.28 Mg ha−1 in the second season. In general, effects of N or P were not significantly different, suggesting that farmers could invest in either of these nutrients for increased common bean grain yields. Strategically, P investments would be more logical as residual P effects to rotational cereals improve overall cropping system performance. The response of common bean to inoculation in Zimbabwe still needs to be widely investigated for these and other varieties.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Common bean did not respond to rhizobia inoculation.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- rhizobia inoculatione1
- Interactor
- rhizobiae1symbiont
- Outcome
- respond to rhizobia inoculatione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Analysis of variance indicated common bean did not respond to rhizobia inoculation (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
P significantly increased the number of nodules and active nodules per common bean plant.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Pe2
- Outcome
- the number of nodules and active nodules per plante2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- P < 0.001e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“P significantly increased the number of nodules and active nodules per plant (P < 0.001), and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
P significantly increased grain yield of common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Pe2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“P significantly increased the number of nodules and active nodules per plant (P < 0.001), and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 40 kg ha−1 N significantly increased pods per plant, seeds per pod and grain yields of common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Application of 40 kg ha−1 Ne3
- Outcome
- number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and grain yieldse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“Application of 40 kg ha−1 N significantly increased the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and grain yields”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant NP interaction on grain yield of common bean occurred only on non-degraded soils.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Qualifier
- significant NP interactione4
- Setting
- non-degraded soilse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e4“A significant NP interaction was only observed on grain yield for non-degraded soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of N and P increased grain yields of common bean on non-degraded sites in the first season.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Co-application of N and Pe5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 0.27 to 1.48 Mg ha−1e5
- Qualifier
- during the first seasone5
- Setting
- non-degraded sitese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“Co-application of N and P in non-degraded sites increased grain yields from 0.27 to 1.48 Mg ha−1during the first season and from 0.37 to 2.09 Mg ha−1during the second season”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of N and P increased grain yields of common bean on non-degraded sites in the second season.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Co-application of N and Pe5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 0.37 to 2.09 Mg ha−1e5
- Qualifier
- during the second seasone5
- Setting
- non-degraded sitese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“Co-application of N and P in non-degraded sites increased grain yields from 0.27 to 1.48 Mg ha−1during the first season and from 0.37 to 2.09 Mg ha−1during the second season”
Claim · model-written summary
NP application produced small grain yield gains of common bean on degraded sites in the first season.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- NP applicatione6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- gainse6
- Value
- 0.09 to 0.19 Mg ha−1e6
- Qualifier
- uninspiringe6
- Setting
- degraded sitese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e6“On degraded sites, NP application resulted in uninspiring grain yield gains of 0.09 to 0.19 Mg ha−1 during the first season, and from 0.16 to 0.28 Mg ha−1 in the second season”
Claim · model-written summary
NP application produced small grain yield gains of common bean on degraded sites in the second season.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- NP applicatione6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- gainse6
- Value
- 0.16 to 0.28 Mg ha−1e6
- Qualifier
- in the second seasone6
- Setting
- degraded sitese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e6“On degraded sites, NP application resulted in uninspiring grain yield gains of 0.09 to 0.19 Mg ha−1 during the first season, and from 0.16 to 0.28 Mg ha−1 in the second season”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of N or P on common bean did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N or Pe7
- Outcome
- effects of N or Pe7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“In general, effects of N or P were not significantly different, suggesting that farmers could invest in either of these nutrients for increased common bean grain yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers could invest in either N or P to increase common bean grain yields.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“In general, effects of N or P were not significantly different, suggesting that farmers could invest in either of these nutrients for increased common bean grain yields”
Claim · model-written summary
P investments would be more logical than N investments because residual P effects to rotational cereals improve overall cropping system performance.
Verbatim
e0“Strategically, P investments would be more logical as residual P effects to rotational cereals improve overall cropping system performance”
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