Abstract
Tillage is an important agricultural operation which influences soil properties, crop yield and environment. Nine combinations of three tillage practices including conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero tillage (ZT) were evaluated in fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation. Continuous ZT practices significantly improved surface soil organic carbon, bulk density, infiltration rate and maximum water holding capacity. Carbon sequestration rate, soil organic carbon stock and soil enzymatic activities were relatively more under ZT than CT-CT practice. Higher fodder yield of sorghum + cowpea was recorded with CT (kharif) while wheat grain yield with ZT (rabi). However, the system productivity was statistically similar in all the tillage treatments on pooled data basis. The economic benefits were also maximum under ZT-ZT practice. The ZT-ZT practice recorded significantly lowest energy input (17.1 GJ ha−1) which resulted in highest energy use efficiency (13.6) and energy productivity (518 kg GJ−1). Thus, adoption of ZT significantly improved soil health, stabilized crop yield, increased profitability and energy use efficiency in the semi-arid agro-ecosystem.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous zero tillage significantly improved surface soil organic carbon, bulk density and infiltration rate.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolore0 - Treatment
- Continuous ZT practicese1
- Outcome
- surface soil organic carbon, bulk density, infiltration ratee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e1“Continuous ZT practices significantly improved surface soil organic carbon, bulk density, infiltration rate and maximum water holding capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous zero tillage significantly improved maximum water holding capacity.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- Continuous ZT practicese1
- Outcome
- maximum water holding capacitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e1“Continuous ZT practices significantly improved surface soil organic carbon, bulk density, infiltration rate and maximum water holding capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon sequestration rate, soil organic carbon stock and soil enzymatic activities were relatively higher under ZT than under CT-CT practice.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- ZTe2
- Outcome
- Carbon sequestration rate, soil organic carbon stock and soil enzymatic activitiese2
- Direction
- relatively moree2
- Comparator
- CT-CT practicee2
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e2“Carbon sequestration rate, soil organic carbon stock and soil enzymatic activities were relatively more under ZT than CT-CT practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fodder yield of sorghum + cowpea was higher with conventional tillage in the kharif season.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- CTe3
- Outcome
- fodder yield of sorghum + cowpeae3
- Direction
- Highere3
- Setting
- kharife3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e3“Higher fodder yield of sorghum + cowpea was recorded with CT (kharif) while wheat grain yield with ZT (rabi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield was higher with zero tillage in the rabi season.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum durum)
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume0 - Treatment
- ZTe3
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Setting
- rabie3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e3“Higher fodder yield of sorghum + cowpea was recorded with CT (kharif) while wheat grain yield with ZT (rabi)”
Claim · model-written summary
System productivity was statistically similar across the tillage treatments on pooled data.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- three tillage practicese5
- Outcome
- system productivitye4
- Direction
- statistically similare4
- Comparator
- all the tillage treatmentse4
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e4“However, the system productivity was statistically similar in all the tillage treatments on pooled data basis”
e5“Nine combinations of three tillage practices including conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero tillage (ZT) were evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic benefits were maximum under the ZT-ZT practice.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- ZT-ZT practicee6
- Outcome
- economic benefitse6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e6“The economic benefits were also maximum under ZT-ZT practice”
Claim · model-written summary
The ZT-ZT practice significantly had the lowest energy input (17.1 GJ ha−1).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- ZT-ZT practicee7
- Outcome
- energy inpute7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- 17.1 GJ ha−1e7
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e7“The ZT-ZT practice recorded significantly lowest energy input (17.1 GJ ha−1) which resulted in highest energy use efficiency (13.6) and energy productivity (518 kg GJ−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ZT-ZT practice had the highest energy use efficiency (13.6).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- ZT-ZT practicee7
- Outcome
- energy use efficiencye7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 13.6e7
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e7“The ZT-ZT practice recorded significantly lowest energy input (17.1 GJ ha−1) which resulted in highest energy use efficiency (13.6) and energy productivity (518 kg GJ−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ZT-ZT practice had the highest energy productivity (518 kg GJ−1).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- ZT-ZT practicee7
- Outcome
- energy productivitye7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 518 kg GJ−1e7
- Setting
- clay loam soil under limited irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e7“The ZT-ZT practice recorded significantly lowest energy input (17.1 GJ ha−1) which resulted in highest energy use efficiency (13.6) and energy productivity (518 kg GJ−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adoption of zero tillage for the semi-arid agro-ecosystem.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Outcome
- adoption of ZTe7
- Setting
- semi-arid agro-ecosysteme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation”
e7“Thus, adoption of ZT significantly improved soil health, stabilized crop yield, increased profitability and energy use efficiency in the semi-arid agro-ecosystem”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.