Abstract
Both nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ion (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM) have been shown to regulate the senescence of cut flowers. However, not much is known about the crosstalk between NO and Ca2+/CaM during the senescence of cut flowers. In this study, cut Oriental × Trumpet hybrid lily ‘Manissa’ were used to investigate the roles and relationship between NO and Ca2+/CaM during postharvest freshness. The results show that the effects of CaCl2 or NO donor SNAP on the vase life, maximum flower diameter and hours until full opening were dose dependent, with an optimum concentration of 20 mM CaCl2 or 100 µM SNAP. However, Ca2+ chelators EGTA or BAPTA/AM, Ca2+ channel inhibitors LaCl3 or nifedipine and CaM antagonists W-7 or TFP inhibited the promotion of SNAP. SNAP applied alone significantly increased the endogenous Ca2+/CaM contents in cut lily flowers, while EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFP decreased the advancement of SNAP. In addition, the SNAP-induced Ca2+-ATPase activity was more than twice as much as the control, but EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFP also reversed the enhancement. Moreover, EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFP prevented the SNAP-induced upregulation of gene expression of CaM, CBL1, and CBL3, which is associated with calcium signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that Ca2+/CaM may function as downstream molecules in NO-regulated senescence of cut flowers.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 had dose-dependent effects on vase life and flower opening, with an optimum of 20 mM.
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- vase life, maximum flower diameter and hours until full openinge0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 20 mMe0
LiliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of CaCl2 or NO donor SNAP on the vase life, maximum flower diameter and hours until full opening were dose dependent, with an optimum concentration of 20 mM CaCl2 or 100 µM SNAP.”
t0“Lily Flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
SNAP had dose-dependent effects on vase life and flower opening, with an optimum of 100 µM.
- Treatment
- SNAPe0
- Outcome
- vase life, maximum flower diameter and hours until full openinge0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 100 µMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of CaCl2 or NO donor SNAP on the vase life, maximum flower diameter and hours until full opening were dose dependent, with an optimum concentration of 20 mM CaCl2 or 100 µM SNAP.”
t0“Lily Flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chelators, channel inhibitors and CaM antagonists inhibited the promotion caused by SNAP.
- Treatment
- EGTA or BAPTA/AM, Ca2+ channel inhibitors LaCl3 or nifedipine and CaM antagonists W-7 or TFPe0
- Outcome
- promotion of SNAPe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- SNAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ chelators EGTA or BAPTA/AM, Ca2+ channel inhibitors LaCl3 or nifedipine and CaM antagonists W-7 or TFP inhibited the promotion of SNAP.”
t0“Lily Flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
SNAP significantly increased endogenous Ca2+/CaM content in cut lily flowers.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNAP applied alone significantly increased the endogenous Ca2+/CaM contents in cut lily flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed calcium and CaM inhibitors decreased the advancement caused by SNAP.
- Treatment
- EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFPe0
- Outcome
- advancement of SNAPe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- SNAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFP decreased the advancement of SNAP.”
t0“Lily Flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
SNAP induced Ca2+-ATPase activity to more than twice the control level.
- Treatment
- SNAPe0
- Gene
- Ca2+-ATPasee0
- Outcome
- Ca2+-ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- more than twice as muche0
- Value
- more than twicee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SNAP-induced Ca2+-ATPase activity was more than twice as much as the control”
t0“Lily Flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed inhibitors reversed the SNAP-induced enhancement of Ca2+-ATPase activity.
- Treatment
- EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFPe0
- Outcome
- Ca2+-ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- SNAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SNAP-induced Ca2+-ATPase activity was more than twice as much as the control, but EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFP also reversed the enhancement.”
t0“Lily Flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed inhibitors prevented SNAP-induced upregulation of CaM, CBL1 and CBL3 expression.
- Treatment
- EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFPe0
- Gene
- CaM, CBL1, and CBL3e0
- Outcome
- gene expression of CaM, CBL1, and CBL3e0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Comparator
- SNAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7 and TFP prevented the SNAP-induced upregulation of gene expression of CaM, CBL1, and CBL3”
t0“Lily Flowers”
The same questions in other papers
calcium chloride dihydrate · quality: postharvest · LiliumResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.