Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an internal, reversible nucleotide modification that constitutes an important regulatory mechanism in RNA biology. Unlike mammals and yeast, no component of the m6A cellular machinery has been described in plants at present. m6A has been identified in the genomic RNAs of diverse mammalian viruses and, additionally, viral infection was found to be modulated by the abundance of m6A in viral RNAs. Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B (At2g17970) is a demethylase that removes m6A from single-stranded RNA molecules in vitro. atALKBH9B accumulates in cytoplasmic granules, which colocalize with siRNA bodies and associate with P bodies, suggesting that atALKBH9B m6A demethylase activity could be linked to mRNA silencing and/or mRNA decay processes. Moreover, we identified the presence of m6A in the genomes of two members of the Bromoviridae family, alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The demethylation activity of atALKBH9B affected the infectivity of AMV but not of CMV, correlating with the ability of atALKBH9B to interact (or not) with their coat proteins. Suppression of atALKBH9B increased the relative abundance of m6A in the AMV genome, impairing the systemic invasion of the plant, while not having any effect on CMV infection. Our findings suggest that, as recently found in animal viruses, m6A modification may represent a plant regulatory strategy to control cytoplasmic-replicating RNA viruses.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis atALKBH9B removed m6A from single-stranded RNA in vitro.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- atALKBH9Be0
- Outcome
- removes m6A from single-stranded RNA moleculese0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B (At2g17970) is a demethylase that removes m6A from single-stranded RNA molecules in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
atALKBH9B accumulated in cytoplasmic granules colocalizing with siRNA bodies and associating with P bodies.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- atALKBH9Be0
- Outcome
- accumulates in cytoplasmic granules, which colocalize with siRNA bodies and associate with P bodiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atALKBH9B accumulates in cytoplasmic granules, which colocalize with siRNA bodies and associate with P bodies”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
Claim · model-written summary
m6A was identified in AMV and CMV genomes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Interactor
- alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Outcome
- presence of m6A in the genomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified the presence of m6A in the genomes of two members of the Bromoviridae family, alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
Claim · model-written summary
atALKBH9B demethylation affected AMV infectivity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Gene
- atALKBH9Be0
- Outcome
- infectivity of AMVe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The demethylation activity of atALKBH9B affected the infectivity of AMV but not of CMV”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
Claim · model-written summary
atALKBH9B demethylation did not affect CMV infectivity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Gene
- atALKBH9Be0
- Outcome
- CMVe0
- Direction
- note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The demethylation activity of atALKBH9B affected the infectivity of AMV but not of CMV”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
Claim · model-written summary
atALKBH9B interacted with viral coat proteins in a pattern correlated with differential AMV and CMV infectivity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- atALKBH9Be0
- Outcome
- interact (or not) with their coat proteinse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“correlating with the ability of atALKBH9B to interact (or not) with their coat proteins”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing atALKBH9B increased m6A abundance in the AMV genome.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Suppression of atALKBH9Be0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Gene
- atALKBH9Be0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of m6A in the AMV genomee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suppression of atALKBH9B increased the relative abundance of m6A in the AMV genome”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing atALKBH9B impaired systemic AMV invasion of the plant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Suppression of atALKBH9Be2
- Outcome
- systemic invasion of the plante0
- Direction
- impairinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“impairing the systemic invasion of the plant”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
e2“Suppression of atALKBH9B increased the relative abundance of m6A in the AMV genome”
e3“the AMV genome”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing atALKBH9B had no effect on CMV infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Suppression of atALKBH9Be2
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV infectione0
- Direction
- not having any effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while not having any effect on CMV infection”
e1“the Arabidopsis thaliana protein atALKBH9B”
e2“Suppression of atALKBH9B increased the relative abundance of m6A in the AMV genome”
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