Abstract
Antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV-1 activities of crude extracts, fractions and some isolated compounds from two Cameroonian medicinal plants : Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae) and Diospyros conocarpa Gürke ex K. Schum. (Ebenaceae) were assessed. The phytochemical studies led to the isolation of eight compounds ( 1 – 8 ) from Diospyros conocarpa and six compounds ( 6, 9 – 13 ) from Antrocaryon klaineanum . These compounds were identified as mangiferolic acid ( 1 ), 3β, 22(S)-dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic acid ( 2 ), lupeol ( 3 ), aridanin ( 4 ), betulin ( 5 ), betulinic acid ( 6 ), bergenin ( 7 ), D-quercitol( 8 ), entilin C( 9 ), entilin A( 10 ), antrocarine A( 11 ), 7R,20(S)-dihydroxy-4,24(28)-ergostadien-3-one( 12 ) and stigmasterol glucoside ( 13 ). The criteria for activity were set as follows: an IC 50 value < 10 μg/mL for crude extracts and < 1 μg/mL for pure compounds. The hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum root bark (AKERF1) and the hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum trunk bark (AKETF1) presented the strongest antiplasmodial activities with IC 50 values of 0.4 and 4.4 μg/mL, respectively. Aridanin ( 4 ) and antrocarine A( 11 ), as well as the crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR), AKERF1 and AKETF1 showed moderate trypanocidal effects. The crude extract of A.klaineanum root bark (AKER) and AKETF1 exhibited attractive activities on HIV-1 integrase with IC 50 values of 1.96 and 24.04 μg/mL, respectively. The results provide baseline information on the use of A.klaineanum and D.conocarpa extracts , as well as certain components, as sources of new antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV drugs.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Hexane/ethyl acetate fraction of A. klaineanum root bark (AKERF1) has the strongest antiplasmodial activity
- Taxon
- Antrocaryon klaineanum
Antrocaryon klaineanumt0 - Material
- AKERF1e1
- Organ / stage
- root barke1
- Outcome
- antiplasmodial activitiese1
- Direction
- strongeste1
- Value
- 0.4e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antrocaryon klaineanum”
e1“The hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum root bark (AKERF1) and the hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum trunk bark (AKETF1) presented the strongest antiplasmodial activities with IC 50 values of 0.4 and 4.4 μg/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexane/ethyl acetate fraction of A. klaineanum trunk bark (AKETF1) has the strongest antiplasmodial activity
- Taxon
- Antrocaryon klaineanumAntrocaryon klaineanumt0
- Material
- AKETF1e1
- Organ / stage
- trunk barke1
- Outcome
- antiplasmodial activitiese1
- Direction
- strongeste1
- Value
- 4.4 μg/mLe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antrocaryon klaineanum”
e1“The hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum root bark (AKERF1) and the hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum trunk bark (AKETF1) presented the strongest antiplasmodial activities with IC 50 values of 0.4 and 4.4 μg/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aridanin from Diospyros conocarpa shows moderate trypanocidal effects
- Taxon
- Diospyros conocarpaDiospyros conocarpat1
- Compound
- Aridanine2
- Outcome
- trypanocidal effectse2
- Direction
- moderatee2
Verbatim
t1“Diospyros conocarpa”
e2“Aridanin ( 4 ) and antrocarine A( 11 ), as well as the crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR), AKERF1 and AKETF1 showed moderate trypanocidal effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Antrocarine A from Antrocaryon klaineanum shows moderate trypanocidal effects
- Taxon
- Antrocaryon klaineanumAntrocaryon klaineanumt0
- Compound
- antrocarine Ae2
- Outcome
- trypanocidal effectse2
- Direction
- moderatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antrocaryon klaineanum”
e2“Aridanin ( 4 ) and antrocarine A( 11 ), as well as the crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR), AKERF1 and AKETF1 showed moderate trypanocidal effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR) shows moderate trypanocidal effects
Verbatim
e2“Aridanin ( 4 ) and antrocarine A( 11 ), as well as the crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR), AKERF1 and AKETF1 showed moderate trypanocidal effects”
Claim · model-written summary
AKERF1 and AKETF1 show moderate trypanocidal effects
- Taxon
- Antrocaryon klaineanumAntrocaryon klaineanumt0
- Material
- AKERF1 and AKETF1e2
- Outcome
- trypanocidal effectse2
- Direction
- moderatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antrocaryon klaineanum”
e2“Aridanin ( 4 ) and antrocarine A( 11 ), as well as the crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR), AKERF1 and AKETF1 showed moderate trypanocidal effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude extract of A. klaineanum root bark (AKER) inhibits HIV-1 integrase with attractive activity
- Taxon
- A.klaineanumAntrocaryon klaineanume3
- Material
- AKERe3
- Organ / stage
- root barke3
- Interactor
- HIV-1
Human immunodeficiency virus 1e3pathogen - Gene
- HIV-1 integrasee3
- Outcome
- activities on HIV-1 integrasee3
- Direction
- attractivee3
- Value
- 1.96e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The crude extract of A.klaineanum root bark (AKER) and AKETF1 exhibited attractive activities on HIV-1 integrase with IC 50 values of 1.96 and 24.04 μg/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AKETF1 extract inhibits HIV-1 integrase with attractive activity
- Taxon
- A.klaineanumAntrocaryon klaineanume3
- Material
- AKETF1e3
- Interactor
- HIV-1Human immunodeficiency virus 1e3pathogen
- Gene
- HIV-1 integrasee3
- Outcome
- activities on HIV-1 integrasee3
- Direction
- attractivee3
- Value
- 24.04 μg/mLe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The crude extract of A.klaineanum root bark (AKER) and AKETF1 exhibited attractive activities on HIV-1 integrase with IC 50 values of 1.96 and 24.04 μg/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight compounds were isolated from Diospyros conocarpa
- Taxon
- Diospyros conocarpaDiospyros conocarpat1
- Outcome
- isolation of eight compoundse4
Verbatim
t1“Diospyros conocarpa”
e4“The phytochemical studies led to the isolation of eight compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Six compounds were isolated from Antrocaryon klaineanum
- Taxon
- Antrocaryon klaineanumAntrocaryon klaineanumt0
- Outcome
- six compoundse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antrocaryon klaineanum”
e4“and six compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of A. klaineanum and D. conocarpa are a baseline for new antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV drug sources
- Taxon
- A.klaineanumAntrocaryon klaineanume5
- Outcome
- sources of new antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV drugse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The results provide baseline information on the use of A.klaineanum and D.conocarpa extracts”
e6“as sources of new antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV drugs”