Abstract
Abstract Silvopastoral system ( SPS ) has been suggested to ensure sustainability in animal production systems in tropical ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and nutritive value traits of Brachiaria decumbens and performance of dairy heifers in SPS and open pasture ( OP ) during the summer and autumn of two consecutive years in the SPS and OP (17th and 18th years after establishment). Experimental design was a randomized complete block with two treatments ( SPS and OP ) and three replications in subdivided plots with repeated measures in time. There was reduction in the tiller population density, total and green forage mass, and total and green forage bulk density in the SPS when compared to the OP in the summer. In the autumn, no difference was observed between the systems. Shading in SPS increased crude protein content of the grass pasture by 25% and 33% when compared to the OP during the first and second experimental years, respectively, and reduced neutral detergent fibre content. However, it did not change acid detergent fibre or lignin content. OP provided higher stocking rate and weight gain per area than the SPS . Average daily gain was higher in the OP in the second experimental year. Severe shading conditions should be avoided, because in the long ‐ term they may threaten the persistence and sustainability of pasture in the SPS . It is recommended to plant a low density of trees or implement management strategies of the tree component by either thinning or pruning over the years after planting.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Summer tiller density and forage mass and bulk density were lower in the silvopastoral system.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbens
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Urochloa decumbenst0 - Treatment
- SPSe0
- Outcome
- tiller population density, total and green forage mass, and total and green forage bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- in the summere0
- Comparator
- OPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“There was reduction in the tiller population density, total and green forage mass, and total and green forage bulk density in the SPS when compared to the OP in the summer.”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
The systems did not differ in autumn.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Qualifier
- In the autumne0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the autumn, no difference was observed between the systems.”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading increased grass pasture crude protein by 25% in the first year.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Treatment
- Shading in SPSe0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
- Comparator
- OPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading in SPS increased crude protein content of the grass pasture by 25% and 33% when compared to the OP during the first and second experimental years, respectively”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading increased grass pasture crude protein by 33% in the second year.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Treatment
- Shading in SPSe0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Qualifier
- second experimental yearse0
- Comparator
- OPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading in SPS increased crude protein content of the grass pasture by 25% and 33% when compared to the OP during the first and second experimental years, respectively”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading reduced neutral detergent fibre content.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Treatment
- Shading in SPSe0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fibre contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- OPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading in SPS increased crude protein content of the grass pasture by 25% and 33% when compared to the OP during the first and second experimental years, respectively, and reduced neutral detergent fibre content.”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading did not change acid detergent fibre or lignin content.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fibre or lignin contente0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, it did not change acid detergent fibre or lignin content.”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
Open pasture had a higher stocking rate and weight gain per area.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Treatment
- OPe0
- Outcome
- stocking rate and weight gain per areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OP provided higher stocking rate and weight gain per area than the SPS .”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
Average daily gain was higher in open pasture in the second year.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Treatment
- OPe0
- Outcome
- Average daily gaine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- second experimental yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average daily gain was higher in the OP in the second experimental year.”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise avoiding severe shade to protect pasture persistence.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Outcome
- Severe shading conditions should be avoidede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe shading conditions should be avoided, because in the long ‐ term they may threaten the persistence and sustainability of pasture in the SPS .”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend low tree density or thinning or pruning after planting.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria decumbensUrochloa decumbenst0
- Outcome
- plant a low density of trees or implement management strategies of the tree component by either thinning or pruninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is recommended to plant a low density of trees or implement management strategies of the tree component by either thinning or pruning over the years after planting.”
t0“Brachiaria decumbens”
The same questions in other papers
shade · quality: grain · Urochloa decumbensPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
shade · quality: protein · Urochloa decumbensResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.