Abstract
Plant cuticular wax is an important determinant factor of fruit quality. Cuticular wax can protect the fruit from UV radiation, drought, and disease and increase the storage period of fruit. In many species, CER gene is associated with wax and can affect plant response to stress, but no characterization of CER gene and its family has been reported in apples. In this study, we identified 10 MdCER genes in Malus domestica based on the sequences of 10 CER genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three-dimensional structures were then defined, and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) scoring matrixes were used to evaluate the matches. These 10 genes were divided into three classes using phylogenetic methods; namely, class I, II, and III. The predicted MdCER genes were distributed across 7 out of 17 chromosomes with different densities. Furthermore, the gene structures and motif compositions of the MdCER genes were analyzed. The quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that MdCER family genes were mainly expressed in the leaves and stems and rarely in the roots. Most of the MdCER members responded to salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol treatment, indicating that the MdCER family is associated with disease resistance (biotic) and abiotic stress.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ten MdCER genes were identified in Malus domestica from Arabidopsis CER sequences.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticat0 - Gene
- MdCER genese1
- Outcome
- identifiede1
- Value
- 10e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we identified 10 MdCER genes in Malus domestica”
t0“in Malus domestica”
Claim · model-written summary
The ten MdCER genes were divided into three phylogenetic classes (I, II and III).
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- divided into three classese2
- Value
- three classese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These 10 genes were divided into three classes using phylogenetic methods; namely, class I, II, and III”
t0“in Malus domestica”
Claim · model-written summary
The predicted MdCER genes were distributed across 7 of 17 chromosomes with different densities.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdCER genese3
- Outcome
- distributed across 7 out of 17 chromosomese3
- Value
- 7 out of 17 chromosomese3
- Qualifier
- with different densitiese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The predicted MdCER genes were distributed across 7 out of 17 chromosomes with different densities”
t0“in Malus domestica”
Claim · model-written summary
MdCER family genes were mainly expressed in leaves and stems and rarely in roots.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse4
- Gene
- MdCER family genese4
- Outcome
- mainly expressede4
- Qualifier
- rarely in the rootse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that MdCER family genes were mainly expressed in the leaves and stems and rarely in the roots”
t0“in Malus domestica”
Claim · model-written summary
Most MdCER members responded to salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol treatment.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol treatmente5
- Gene
- MdCER memberse5
- Outcome
- respondede5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Most of the MdCER members responded to salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol treatment”
t0“in Malus domestica”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the MdCER family as associated with biotic disease resistance and abiotic stress.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdCER familye6
- Outcome
- disease resistance (biotic) and abiotic stresse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“indicating that the MdCER family is associated with disease resistance (biotic) and abiotic stress”
t0“in Malus domestica”