Abstract
A novel formulation consisting of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores mixed with sterilized organic fertilizer (AMF-F) encapsulated by an insoluble calcium alginate film was developed to enhance AMF efficacy and stability. The hardness of the pellets increased from 7–8 N to approximately 80 N by increasing the alginate concentration of the coating film from 1 to 3%. The AMF spore germination rate for the AMF and AMF-F pellets coated with calcium alginate films depended on the alginate concentration. A 2% sodium alginate formulation for the coating films resulted in optimal AMF spore germination rates and mechanical properties for handling, transport, and stability. The inclusion of a sterilized organic fertilizer in the encapsulated AMF-F pellets considerably induced AMF mycelial growth and helped prolong the shelf life of the pellets. In soil, the AMF-F pellets encapsulated with alginate initially degraded faster than the alginate-encapsulated AMF pellets. However, both types of pellets were fully degraded within 30 days. It was demonstrated that AMF and AMF-F could promote colonization and provided resistance to drought stress in maize potted plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AMF and AMF-F promoted colonization of maize plants.
- Treatment
- AMF and AMF-Fe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Setting
- potted plantse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF-F could promote colonization and provided resistance to drought stress in maize potted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF and AMF-F provided resistance to drought stress in maize plants.
- Treatment
- AMF and AMF-Fe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- resistance to drought stresse0
- Direction
- providede0
- Setting
- potted plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF-F could promote colonization and provided resistance to drought stress in maize potted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardness of the pellets increased from 7–8 N to approximately 80 N as the alginate concentration of the coating film rose from 1 to 3%.
- Treatment
- increasing the alginate concentration of the coating film from 1 to 3%e0
- Outcome
- hardness of the pelletse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7–8 N to approximately 80 Ne0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The hardness of the pellets increased from 7–8 N to approximately 80 N by increasing the alginate concentration of the coating film from 1 to 3%”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2% sodium alginate coating gave optimal AMF spore germination rates in maize pellets.
- Treatment
- 2% sodium alginate formulatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF spore germination ratese1
- Direction
- optimale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF-F could promote colonization and provided resistance to drought stress in maize potted plants”
e1“A 2% sodium alginate formulation for the coating films resulted in optimal AMF spore germination rates and mechanical properties for handling, transport, and stability”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF spore germination rate depended on the alginate concentration of the coating film.
- Treatment
- alginate concentratione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF spore germination ratee1
- Direction
- depended one1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF-F could promote colonization and provided resistance to drought stress in maize potted plants”
e1“The AMF spore germination rate for the AMF and AMF-F pellets coated with calcium alginate films depended on the alginate concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-F pellets encapsulated with alginate initially degraded faster in soil than alginate-encapsulated AMF pellets.
- Treatment
- AMF-F pellets encapsulated with alginatee0
- Outcome
- degradede0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- initiallye0
- Comparator
- alginate-encapsulated AMF pelletse0
- Setting
- In soile0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In soil, the AMF-F pellets encapsulated with alginate initially degraded faster than the alginate-encapsulated AMF pellets”
Claim · model-written summary
Both types of pellets were fully degraded within 30 days in soil.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“both types of pellets were fully degraded within 30 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding sterilized organic fertilizer to AMF-F pellets induced AMF mycelial growth.
- Treatment
- inclusion of a sterilized organic fertilizere1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF-F could promote colonization and provided resistance to drought stress in maize potted plants”
e1“The inclusion of a sterilized organic fertilizer in the encapsulated AMF-F pellets considerably induced AMF mycelial growth and helped prolong the shelf life of the pellets”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding sterilized organic fertilizer to AMF-F pellets prolonged the shelf life of the pellets.
- Treatment
- inclusion of a sterilized organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- shelf life of the pelletse0
- Direction
- prolonge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The inclusion of a sterilized organic fertilizer in the encapsulated AMF-F pellets considerably induced AMF mycelial growth and helped prolong the shelf life of the pellets”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: postharvest · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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- negative
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48 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.