Abstract
Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important fungal pathogen that causes apple ring rot, which can significantly reduce apple yield. Fungicide applications are the main control measure of apple ring rot worldwide. Pyraclostrobin is a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide that has yet to be registered for control of B. dothidea in China. Baseline sensitivity of B. dothidea to pyraclostrobin (EC 50 of mycelial growth inhibition) was assessed for 97 isolates collected in Shandong Province. The EC 50 values ranged from 0.7010 to 7.1378 μg/ml with the mean value of 3.0870 μg/ml and displayed a unimodal frequency distribution. After cultured on fungicide-free PDA medium or on apples for multiple generations, the B. dothidea–resistant isolates (RS T ) remained resistant to pyraclostrobin, but exhibited similar virulence as the susceptible isolates (S T ). Cross-resistance investigation revealed that pyraclostrobin was not cross-resistant to tebuconazole, flusilazole, carbendazim, and iprodione. Field evolution showed that pyraclostrobin at 200 and 250 g a.i./ha provided greater than 80% control efficacy against apple ring rot disease when applied as a therapeutic or preventive fungicide. The efficacy was similar to fungicides that have been registered for apple.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Baseline EC50 of Botryosphaeria dothidea isolates for pyraclostrobin ranged from 0.7010 to 7.1378 μg/ml, with a mean of 3.0870 μg/ml.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Interactor
- Botryosphaeria dothidea
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=60)
Botryosphaeria dothideae0pathogen - Compound
- pyraclostrobine2
- Outcome
- EC 50 valuese1
- Value
- 0.7010 to 7.1378 μg/mle1
- Qualifier
- mean value of 3.0870 μg/mle1
- Setting
- Shandong Provincee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important fungal pathogen that causes apple ring rot, which can significantly reduce apple yield”
e1“The EC 50 values ranged from 0.7010 to 7.1378 μg/ml with the mean value of 3.0870 μg/ml”
e2“Baseline sensitivity of B. dothidea to pyraclostrobin (EC 50 of mycelial growth inhibition) was assessed for 97 isolates collected in Shandong Province”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyraclostrobin-resistant B. dothidea isolates remained resistant after several generations on fungicide-free PDA or on apples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria dothideaBotryosphaeria dothideae0pathogen
- Compound
- pyraclostrobine3
- Outcome
- remained resistante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important fungal pathogen that causes apple ring rot, which can significantly reduce apple yield”
e3“After cultured on fungicide-free PDA medium or on apples for multiple generations, the B. dothidea–resistant isolates (RS T ) remained resistant to pyraclostrobin, but exhibited similar virulence as the susceptible isolates (S T )”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant B. dothidea isolates showed virulence similar to susceptible isolates.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria dothideaBotryosphaeria dothideae0pathogen
- Outcome
- virulencee3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- susceptible isolatese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important fungal pathogen that causes apple ring rot, which can significantly reduce apple yield”
e3“After cultured on fungicide-free PDA medium or on apples for multiple generations, the B. dothidea–resistant isolates (RS T ) remained resistant to pyraclostrobin, but exhibited similar virulence as the susceptible isolates (S T )”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyraclostrobin was not cross-resistant to tebuconazole, flusilazole, carbendazim, or iprodione in B. dothidea.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria dothideaBotryosphaeria dothideae0pathogen
- Compound
- tebuconazole, flusilazole, carbendazim, and iprodionee4
- Outcome
- Cross-resistancee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important fungal pathogen that causes apple ring rot, which can significantly reduce apple yield”
e4“Cross-resistance investigation revealed that pyraclostrobin was not cross-resistant to tebuconazole, flusilazole, carbendazim, and iprodione”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyraclostrobin at 200 and 250 g a.i./ha gave greater than 80% field control efficacy against apple ring rot when applied as a therapeutic or preventive fungicide.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Treatment
- pyraclostrobin at 200 and 250 g a.i./hae5
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria dothideaBotryosphaeria dothideae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficacy against apple ring rot diseasee5
- Direction
- greater thane5
- Value
- 80%e5
- Qualifier
- therapeutic or preventive fungicidee5
- Setting
- Fielde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important fungal pathogen that causes apple ring rot, which can significantly reduce apple yield”
e5“Field evolution showed that pyraclostrobin at 200 and 250 g a.i./ha provided greater than 80% control efficacy against apple ring rot disease when applied as a therapeutic or preventive fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Control efficacy of pyraclostrobin against apple ring rot was similar to that of fungicides registered for apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae6
- Treatment
- pyraclostrobine5
- Outcome
- efficacye6
- Direction
- similare6
- Comparator
- fungicides that have been registered for applee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Field evolution showed that pyraclostrobin at 200 and 250 g a.i./ha provided greater than 80% control efficacy against apple ring rot disease when applied as a therapeutic or preventive fungicide”
e6“The efficacy was similar to fungicides that have been registered for apple”
The same questions in other papers
pyraclostrobin · control · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.