Abstract
Abstract In response to concerns about acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor–resistant weeds in wheat production systems, we explored the efficacy of managing Bromus spp., downy and Japanese bromes, in a winter wheat system using alternative herbicide treatments applied in either fall or spring. Trials were established at Lethbridge and Kipp, Alberta, and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada over three growing seasons (2012–2014) to compare the efficacy of pyroxasulfone (a soil-applied very-long-chain fatty acid elongase inhibitor; WSSA Group 15) and flumioxazin (a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; WSSA Group 14) against industry-standard ALS-inhibiting herbicides for downy and Japanese brome control. Winter wheat injury from herbicide application was minor, with the exception of flucarbazone application at Scott. Bromus spp. control was greatest with pyroxsulam and all herbicide treatments containing pyroxasulfone. Downy and Japanese bromes were controlled least by thiencarbazone and flumioxazin, respectively, whereas Bromus spp. had intermediate responses to the other herbicides tested. Herbicides applied in fall resulted in reduced winter wheat yield relative to the spring applications. Overall, pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam provided the most efficacious Bromus spp. control compared with the other herbicides and consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields. Therefore, pyroxasulfone could facilitate management of Bromus spp. resistant to ALS inhibitors in winter wheat in the southern growing regions of western Canada. Improved weed control and delayed herbicide resistance may be achieved when pyroxasulfone is applied in combination with flumioxazin.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat injury from herbicide application was minor, except for flucarbazone at Scott.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- injury from herbicide applicatione1
- Qualifier
- minor, with the exception of flucarbazone application at Scotte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat injury from herbicide application was minor, with the exception of flucarbazone application at Scott”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxsulam and all pyroxasulfone-containing treatments gave the greatest Bromus spp. control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxsulam and all herbicide treatments containing pyroxasulfonee2
- Outcome
- Bromus spp. controle2
- Direction
- greateste2
BromusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Bromus spp. control was greatest with pyroxsulam and all herbicide treatments containing pyroxasulfone”
t0“in Winter Wheat in Western Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiencarbazone gave the least control of downy brome.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- thiencarbazonee3
- Outcome
- controllede3
- Direction
- leaste3
- Qualifier
- Downye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Downy and Japanese bromes were controlled least by thiencarbazone and flumioxazin, respectively”
e0“managing Bromus spp., downy and Japanese bromes”
t0“in Winter Wheat in Western Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin gave the least control of Japanese brome.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- flumioxazine3
- Outcome
- controllede3
- Direction
- leaste3
- Qualifier
- Japanese bromese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Downy and Japanese bromes were controlled least by thiencarbazone and flumioxazin, respectively”
e0“managing Bromus spp., downy and Japanese bromes”
t0“in Winter Wheat in Western Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromus spp. responses to the other herbicides tested were intermediate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- other herbicides testede5
- Outcome
- responsese5
- Direction
- intermediatee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Bromus spp. had intermediate responses to the other herbicides tested”
t0“in Winter Wheat in Western Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides applied in fall reduced winter wheat yield relative to spring applications.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- Herbicides applied in falle6
- Outcome
- winter wheat yielde6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Comparator
- spring applicationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Herbicides applied in fall resulted in reduced winter wheat yield relative to the spring applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam gave the most efficacious Bromus spp. control compared with the other herbicides.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulame7
- Outcome
- Bromus spp. controle7
- Direction
- most efficaciouse7
- Comparator
- the other herbicidese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam provided the most efficacious Bromus spp. control compared with the other herbicides”
t0“in Winter Wheat in Western Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulame7
- Outcome
- winter wheat yieldse6
- Direction
- maintainede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam provided the most efficacious Bromus spp. control compared with the other herbicides”
e6“consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields”
t0“in Winter Wheat in Western Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone combined with flumioxazin may improve weed control and delay herbicide resistance.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone is applied in combination with flumioxazine4
- Outcome
- Improved weed control and delayed herbicide resistancee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Improved weed control and delayed herbicide resistance may be achieved when pyroxasulfone is applied in combination with flumioxazin”
t0“in Winter Wheat in Western Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone could facilitate management of ALS-inhibitor-resistant Bromus spp. in winter wheat in the southern growing regions of western Canada.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfonee5
- Outcome
- management of Bromus spp. resistant to ALS inhibitorse5
- Setting
- southern growing regions of western Canadae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“pyroxasulfone could facilitate management of Bromus spp. resistant to ALS inhibitors in winter wheat in the southern growing regions of western Canada”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.