Abstract
Abstract Field and pot investigations were conducted to determine the effectiveness of pyroxasulfone alone and its combinations with other herbicides against diverse weed flora of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) including multiple herbicide‐resistant (MHR) littleseed canarygrass ( Phalaris minor Retz.). Applications of pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha as pre‐emergence (PE) or early post‐emergence (EPOE) @ 63.75 g/ha at 21–23 days after sowing (1 day before irrigation) were highly effective for control of grass weeds namely P. minor and wild oat ( Avena ludoviciana Dur . ). It was poor for control of broad‐leaved weeds ( Medicago denticulata Willd. and Rumex dentatus L . ). However, pyroxasulfone in tank‐mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/ha effectively controlled (96.5%–99.8%) the diverse weed flora and improved the wheat grain yield (69.5%–285.9%) over untreated weedy control. Also, the pre‐mix of pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin applied as PE was superior to either of these applied alone for weed control and grain yield. Pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha had yield gain of 119.6%–125.4% and 10.1%–26% over untreated control and pendimethalin 800–1250 g/ha, respectively. In pot studies, straw burnt ash drastically reduced the pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minor and A. ludoviciana. Pyroxasulfone was also effective in pot studies for control of MHR P. minor having resistance against acetyl‐coA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS), and photosynthesis at the photosystem‐II site‐A (PS‐II) inhibitor herbicides (clodinafop, sulfosulfuron, and isoproturon, respectively). The studies indicate that pyroxasulfone as PE or EPOE can be an alternative grass weed control herbicide in wheat in particular for the control of MHR P. minor .
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone applied before or shortly after emergence effectively controlled P. minor.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/hae0
- Interactor
- P. minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- control of grass weeds namely P. minore0
- Direction
- highly effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Applications of pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha as pre‐emergence (PE) or early post‐emergence (EPOE) @ 63.75 g/ha at 21–23 days after sowing (1 day before irrigation) were highly effective for control of grass weeds namely P. minor and wild oat ( Avena ludoviciana Dur . ).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone applied before or shortly after emergence effectively controlled wild oat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/hae0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wild oate0
- Direction
- highly effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha as pre‐emergence (PE) or early post‐emergence (EPOE) @ 63.75 g/ha at 21–23 days after sowing (1 day before irrigation) were highly effective for control of grass weeds namely P. minor and wild oat ( Avena ludoviciana Dur . ).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone poorly controlled Medicago denticulata.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfonet0
- Interactor
- Medicago denticulata Willd.e0weed
- Outcome
- control of broad‐leaved weedse0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was poor for control of broad‐leaved weeds ( Medicago denticulata Willd. and Rumex dentatus L . ).”
t0“wheat with pyroxasulfone”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone poorly controlled Rumex dentatus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfonet0
- Interactor
- Rumex dentatus L .
.jpg?width=60)
Rumex dentatuse0weed - Outcome
- control of broad‐leaved weedse0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“It was poor for control of broad‐leaved weeds ( Medicago denticulata Willd. and Rumex dentatus L . ).”
t0“wheat with pyroxasulfone”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone tank mixed with metsulfuron controlled 96.5%–99.8% of diverse weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone in tank‐mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- diverse weed florae0
- Direction
- effectively controllede0
- Value
- 96.5%–99.8%e0
- Comparator
- untreated weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxasulfone in tank‐mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/ha effectively controlled (96.5%–99.8%) the diverse weed flora and improved the wheat grain yield (69.5%–285.9%) over untreated weedy control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone tank mixed with triasulfuron controlled 96.5%–99.8% of diverse weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- triasulfuron 20 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- diverse weed florae0
- Direction
- effectively controllede0
- Value
- 96.5%–99.8%e0
- Comparator
- untreated weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxasulfone in tank‐mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/ha effectively controlled (96.5%–99.8%) the diverse weed flora and improved the wheat grain yield (69.5%–285.9%) over untreated weedy control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone tank mixed with pyroxsulam controlled 96.5%–99.8% of diverse weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pyroxsulam 18 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- diverse weed florae0
- Direction
- effectively controllede0
- Value
- 96.5%–99.8%e0
- Comparator
- untreated weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxasulfone in tank‐mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/ha effectively controlled (96.5%–99.8%) the diverse weed flora and improved the wheat grain yield (69.5%–285.9%) over untreated weedy control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide tank mixtures increased wheat grain yield 69.5%–285.9% over weedy control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone in tank‐mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/hae0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 69.5%–285.9%e0
- Comparator
- untreated weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxasulfone in tank‐mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/ha effectively controlled (96.5%–99.8%) the diverse weed flora and improved the wheat grain yield (69.5%–285.9%) over untreated weedy control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Premixed pyroxasulfone and pendimethalin outperformed either alone in weed control and grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pre‐mix of pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin applied as PEe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control and grain yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- either of these applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pre‐mix of pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin applied as PE was superior to either of these applied alone for weed control and grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone raised wheat yield 119.6%–125.4% over untreated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/hae0
- Outcome
- yield gaine0
- Direction
- gaine0
- Value
- 119.6%–125.4%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha had yield gain of 119.6%–125.4% and 10.1%–26% over untreated control and pendimethalin 800–1250 g/ha, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone raised wheat yield 10.1%–26% over pendimethalin.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/hae0
- Outcome
- yield gaine0
- Direction
- gaine0
- Value
- 10.1%–26%e0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 800–1250 g/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha had yield gain of 119.6%–125.4% and 10.1%–26% over untreated control and pendimethalin 800–1250 g/ha, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw burnt ash reduced pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minor.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw burnt ashe0
- Interactor
- P. minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minore0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw burnt ash drastically reduced the pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minor and A. ludoviciana.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw burnt ash reduced pyroxasulfone efficacy against A. ludoviciana.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw burnt ashe0
- Interactor
- A. ludoviciana
.jpg?width=60)
Avena sterilis subsp. ludovicianae0weed - Outcome
- pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minor and A. ludovicianae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“straw burnt ash drastically reduced the pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minor and A. ludoviciana.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone controlled multiple herbicide resistant P. minor in pots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfonee0
- Interactor
- P. minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- control of MHR P. minore0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Setting
- pot studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone was also effective in pot studies for control of MHR P. minor having resistance against acetyl‐coA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS), and photosynthesis at the photosystem‐II site‐A (PS‐II) inhibitor herbicides (clodinafop, sulfosulfuron, and isoproturon, respectively).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend pyroxasulfone before or shortly after emergence for wheat grass weeds, especially resistant P. minor.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone as PE or EPOEe0
- Interactor
- P. minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- alternative grass weed control herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The studies indicate that pyroxasulfone as PE or EPOE can be an alternative grass weed control herbicide in wheat in particular for the control of MHR P. minor .”
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See all 18 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.