Abstract
ABSTRACT Weed management in wheat is becoming more difficult due to declining effectiveness of post‐emergence (POST) herbicides. Although pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicides remain effective, a single application is insufficient to control all weed cohorts. Field studies were conducted in India to combine PRE herbicides with non‐chemical measures for weed control. The experiment was conducted in a split‐split plot design with three levels of rice residue mulch (0, 4, 8 t ha −1 ) in main plots, two wheat seeding rates (100 and 125 kg ha −1 ) in sub‐plots and five weed control treatments‐ pendimethalin + metribuzin (PRE), pendimethalin + metribuzin followed by ( fb ) sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (POST), pyroxasulfone (PRE) fb sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (POST), weed‐free control and weedy check in sub‐sub plots. Results revealed that rice residue mulching at 8 t ha −1 reduced the dry matter of Phalaris minor and broad‐leaved weeds by 48%–50% and 56%–60%, respectively, at 60 days after sowing (DAS) compared to weedy check. Similarly, a higher seed rate of 125 kg ha −1 reduced total weed biomass by 11%–14% compared to the lower seed rate at 60 DAS. The strategic integration of higher seeding density, 8 t ha −1 rice residue, and a PRE herbicide mixture (pendimethalin 1.5 + metribuzin 0.210 kg ha −1 , applied beneath the mulch) reduced total weed biomass by 98% and improved wheat productivity compared to weedy check, without mulch and lower seeding rate treatment combination. This study suggests for an integrated strategy tailored to the rice‐wheat system to manage weeds, rice residues and enhance wheat productivity.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Rice residue mulch reduced Phalaris minor dry matter by 48%–50%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- rice residue mulching at 8 t ha −1e0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- dry matter of Phalaris minore0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 48%–50%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“rice residue mulching at 8 t ha −1 reduced the dry matter of Phalaris minor and broad‐leaved weeds by 48%–50% and 56%–60%, respectively, at 60 days after sowing (DAS) compared to weedy check”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice residue mulch reduced broad-leaved weed dry matter by 56%–60%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rice residue mulching at 8 t ha −1e0
- Interactor
- broad‐leaved weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry matter of Phalaris minor and broad‐leaved weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56%–60%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice residue mulching at 8 t ha −1 reduced the dry matter of Phalaris minor and broad‐leaved weeds by 48%–50% and 56%–60%, respectively, at 60 days after sowing (DAS) compared to weedy check”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher seed rate reduced total weed biomass by 11%–14%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher seed rate of 125 kg ha −1e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11%–14%e0
- Comparator
- lower seed ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher seed rate of 125 kg ha −1 reduced total weed biomass by 11%–14% compared to the lower seed rate at 60 DAS”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated density, residue and herbicide reduced total weed biomass by 98%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher seeding density, 8 t ha −1 rice residue, and a PRE herbicide mixture (pendimethalin 1.5 + metribuzin 0.210 kg ha −1 , applied beneath the mulch)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 98%e0
- Comparator
- weedy check, without mulch and lower seeding rate treatment combinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher seeding density, 8 t ha −1 rice residue, and a PRE herbicide mixture (pendimethalin 1.5 + metribuzin 0.210 kg ha −1 , applied beneath the mulch) reduced total weed biomass by 98% and improved wheat productivity compared to weedy check, without mulch and lower seeding rate treatment combination”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment improved wheat productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher seeding density, 8 t ha −1 rice residue, and a PRE herbicide mixture (pendimethalin 1.5 + metribuzin 0.210 kg ha −1 , applied beneath the mulch)e0
- Outcome
- wheat productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- weedy check, without mulch and lower seeding rate treatment combinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher seeding density, 8 t ha −1 rice residue, and a PRE herbicide mixture (pendimethalin 1.5 + metribuzin 0.210 kg ha −1 , applied beneath the mulch) reduced total weed biomass by 98% and improved wheat productivity compared to weedy check, without mulch and lower seeding rate treatment combination”
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See all 27 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.