Abstract
Field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University during Rabi 206-17 and 2017–18 to evaluate bio-efficacy of different herbicides and their combination against cross resistant P. minor in wheat, and to study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any. The treatments included application preemergence herbicides pendimethalin 1500 g/ha and its mixture with metribuzin 175 g/ha alone, pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone Tank mix (TM) at 1500 + 102 g/ha alone and their sequential application with post-emergence herbicides application (PoE) of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron ready mix (RM) 14.4 g/ha and pinoxaden 60 g/ha along with weedy check treatment. The minimum density of P minor, weed biomass and the highest wheat grain yield was observed with pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM (1500 + 102 fb 14.4 g/ha). All the herbicides significantly reduced the weed biomass as compared with the control but maximum reduction in the weed biomass was achieved with pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM. Pinoxaden at 60 g/ha did not control Rumex dentatus and Chenopodium album. Only pre-emergence application of metribuzin, pendimethalin + metribuzin (before sowing), pinoxaden + metribuzin TM caused toxicity of up to 5% at 10 days after treatment (DAT). The wheat recovered from toxicity by 20 DAT without any yield penalty. On-farm demonstrations of pyroxasulfone at 127.5 g/ha PE in Haryana revealed 88.3 % control of multiple herbicide resistant P. minor. Its integration with pendimethalin at 1.5 kg/ha (PE) and post-emergence herbicides at 35 DAS has improved control of P minor to 92.1%.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The pendimethalin plus pyroxasulfone sequence gave the lowest P minor density.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM (1500 + 102 fb 14.4 g/ha)e0
- Interactor
- P minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- density of P minore0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The minimum density of P minor, weed biomass and the highest wheat grain yield was observed with pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM (1500 + 102 fb 14.4 g/ha).”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same sequence gave minimum weed biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM (1500 + 102 fb 14.4 g/ha)e0
- Interactor
- P minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum density of P minor, weed biomass and the highest wheat grain yield was observed with pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM (1500 + 102 fb 14.4 g/ha).”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same sequence gave the highest wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM (1500 + 102 fb 14.4 g/ha)e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum density of P minor, weed biomass and the highest wheat grain yield was observed with pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone TM fb mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron RM (1500 + 102 fb 14.4 g/ha).”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides significantly reduced weed biomass relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All the herbicidese0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the herbicides significantly reduced the weed biomass as compared with the control”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden at 60 g/ha failed to control Rumex dentatus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pinoxaden at 60 g/hae0
- Interactor
- Rumex dentatus
.jpg?width=60)
Rumex dentatuse0weed - Outcome
- control Rumex dentatuse0
- Direction
- did not controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pinoxaden at 60 g/ha did not control Rumex dentatus and Chenopodium album.”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden at 60 g/ha failed to control Chenopodium album.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pinoxaden at 60 g/hae0
- Interactor
- Chenopodium album
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- Chenopodium albume0
- Direction
- did not controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pinoxaden at 60 g/ha did not control Rumex dentatus and Chenopodium album.”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence metribuzin caused up to 5% wheat toxicity at 10 DAT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence application of metribuzine0
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- up to 5%e0
- Qualifier
- 10 days after treatment (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only pre-emergence application of metribuzin, pendimethalin + metribuzin (before sowing), pinoxaden + metribuzin TM caused toxicity of up to 5% at 10 days after treatment (DAT).”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus metribuzin caused up to 5% wheat toxicity at 10 DAT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + metribuzin (before sowing)e0
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- up to 5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only pre-emergence application of metribuzin, pendimethalin + metribuzin (before sowing), pinoxaden + metribuzin TM caused toxicity of up to 5% at 10 days after treatment (DAT).”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus metribuzin caused up to 5% wheat toxicity at 10 DAT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden + metribuzin TMe0
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- up to 5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only pre-emergence application of metribuzin, pendimethalin + metribuzin (before sowing), pinoxaden + metribuzin TM caused toxicity of up to 5% at 10 days after treatment (DAT).”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat recovered from herbicide toxicity by 20 DAT without yield penalty.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- recovered from toxicity by 20 DAT without any yield penaltye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat recovered from toxicity by 20 DAT without any yield penalty.”
Claim · model-written summary
On-farm pyroxasulfone gave 88.3% control of resistant P. minor in Haryana.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone at 127.5 g/ha PEe0
- Interactor
- P. minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- control of multiple herbicide resistant P. minore0
- Value
- 88.3 %e0
- Setting
- Haryanae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On-farm demonstrations of pyroxasulfone at 127.5 g/ha PE in Haryana revealed 88.3 % control of multiple herbicide resistant P. minor.”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating pyroxasulfone with pendimethalin and postemergence herbicides improved P minor control to 92.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone at 127.5 g/ha PEe1
- Interactor
- P minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- control of P minore0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 92.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its integration with pendimethalin at 1.5 kg/ha (PE) and post-emergence herbicides at 35 DAS has improved control of P minor to 92.1%.”
e1“On-farm demonstrations of pyroxasulfone at 127.5 g/ha PE in Haryana”
t0“in wheat”
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