Abstract
The dry biomass of resistant Phalaris minor was significantly reduced in T2 (metribuzin 150g + 500 + 5WAS) and T4 (metribuzin 150g + 500 + 6WAS) than in T1 (metribuzin 150g + 250 + 5WAS) in the first year. Otherwise all other metribuzin treatments remained at par with T2 and T4. T6 (metribuzin 200g + 500 + 5 WAS) also caused a drastic reduction in resistant P. minor's biomass. However, T caused maximum reduction in dry matter production of the broad-leaved as well as of total (composite) weeds and registered a significant increase in the number of ear-bearing tillers and grain yield of wheat. The number of ear-bearing tillers was significantly reduced at the higher dose at 120kg N ha−1 than at the lower dose (60 kg N ha−1) and accordingly the wheat grain yield. In the second year, the population and fresh biomass accumulation of resistant P. minor, wild oat and total weeds were significantly reduced in all the metribuzin treatments compared to T10 (unweeded control). The resistant P. minor fresh biomass was however the lowest in T6 (metribuzin 200g+500 litres+4 WAS). The fresh biomass of wild oat and total weeds were significantly reduced in T9 (one hand weeding at 30 DAS) than in others except T6 and T2 T6 on the contrary caused more reduction in fresh weight as well as height of wheat plants and thus proved more phytotoxic to wheat plants. The higher dose and higher spray volume of metribuzin were more effective in reducing the population and fresh biomass accumulation of resistant P minor wild oats as well as total weeds than their respective lower levels The higher dose and higher spray volume on the contrary brought more phytotoxicitv
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin 150g + 500 + 5WAS significantly reduced dry biomass of resistant Phalaris minor in the first year compared with metribuzin 150g + 250 + 5WAS.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- metribuzin 150g + 500 + 5WASe0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minort0weed - Outcome
- dry biomass of resistant Phalaris minore0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
- Comparator
- metribuzin 150g + 250 + 5WASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e0“The dry biomass of resistant Phalaris minor was significantly reduced in T2 (metribuzin 150g + 500 + 5WAS) and T4 (metribuzin 150g + 500 + 6WAS) than in T1 (metribuzin 150g + 250 + 5WAS) in the first year”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin 150g + 500 + 6WAS significantly reduced dry biomass of resistant Phalaris minor in the first year compared with metribuzin 150g + 250 + 5WAS.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzin 150g + 500 + 6WASe0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minorPhalaris minort0weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of resistant Phalaris minore0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
- Comparator
- metribuzin 150g + 250 + 5WASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e0“The dry biomass of resistant Phalaris minor was significantly reduced in T2 (metribuzin 150g + 500 + 5WAS) and T4 (metribuzin 150g + 500 + 6WAS) than in T1 (metribuzin 150g + 250 + 5WAS) in the first year”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin 200g + 500 + 5 WAS caused a drastic reduction in biomass of resistant Phalaris minor.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzin 200g + 500 + 5 WASe1
- Interactor
- P. minorPhalaris minore1weed
- Outcome
- resistant P. minor's biomasse1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e1“T6 (metribuzin 200g + 500 + 5 WAS) also caused a drastic reduction in resistant P. minor's biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum reduction in dry matter production of broad-leaved and total weeds was caused by an unresolved treatment T.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- dry matter production of the broad-leaved as well as of total (composite) weedse2
- Direction
- reductione2
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e2“However, T caused maximum reduction in dry matter production of the broad-leaved as well as of total (composite) weeds and registered a significant increase in the number of ear-bearing tillers and grain yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The unresolved treatment T significantly increased the number of ear-bearing tillers and grain yield of wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of ear-bearing tillers and grain yield of wheate2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e2“However, T caused maximum reduction in dry matter production of the broad-leaved as well as of total (composite) weeds and registered a significant increase in the number of ear-bearing tillers and grain yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A higher nitrogen dose of 120kg N ha−1 significantly reduced the number of ear-bearing tillers of wheat compared with 60 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 120kg N ha−1e3
- Outcome
- number of ear-bearing tillerse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- 60 kg N ha−1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e3“The number of ear-bearing tillers was significantly reduced at the higher dose at 120kg N ha−1 than at the lower dose (60 kg N ha−1) and accordingly the wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher nitrogen dose of 120kg N ha−1 accordingly reduced wheat grain yield compared with 60 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 120kg N ha−1e3
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Comparator
- 60 kg N ha−1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e3“The number of ear-bearing tillers was significantly reduced at the higher dose at 120kg N ha−1 than at the lower dose (60 kg N ha−1) and accordingly the wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
All metribuzin treatments significantly reduced the population and fresh biomass of resistant P. minor, wild oat and total weeds compared with the unweeded control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzin treatmentse4
- Interactor
- resistant P. minore4weed
- Second interactor
- wild oate4weed
- Outcome
- population and fresh biomass accumulation of resistant P. minor, wild oat and total weedse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- T10 (unweeded control)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e4“the population and fresh biomass accumulation of resistant P. minor, wild oat and total weeds were significantly reduced in all the metribuzin treatments compared to T10 (unweeded control)”
Claim · model-written summary
One hand weeding at 30 DAS significantly reduced fresh biomass of wild oat and total weeds compared with the others except T6 and T2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- one hand weeding at 30 DASe6
- Interactor
- wild oate6weed
- Outcome
- fresh biomass of wild oat and total weedse6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Comparator
- otherse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e6“The fresh biomass of wild oat and total weeds were significantly reduced in T9 (one hand weeding at 30 DAS) than in others except T6 and T2”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 caused more reduction in fresh weight and height of wheat plants, and was more phytotoxic to wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T6e7
- Outcome
- fresh weight as well as height of wheat plantse7
- Direction
- more reductione7
- Qualifier
- more phytotoxic to wheat plantse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e7“T6 on the contrary caused more reduction in fresh weight as well as height of wheat plants and thus proved more phytotoxic to wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher dose and higher spray volume of metribuzin were more effective than lower levels in reducing resistant P minor, wild oat and total weeds.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher dose and higher spray volume of metribuzine1
- Interactor
- resistant P minore1weed
- Outcome
- population and fresh biomass accumulatione1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- their respective lower levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e1“The higher dose and higher spray volume of metribuzin were more effective in reducing the population and fresh biomass accumulation of resistant P minor wild oats as well as total weeds than their respective lower levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher dose and higher spray volume of metribuzin caused more phytotoxicity to wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher dose and higher spray volumee1
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitve1
- Direction
- moree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimization of Metribuzin use for Controlling Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor Retz. in Wheat”
e1“The higher dose and higher spray volume on the contrary brought more phytotoxicitv”
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